ArticleInjury epidemiology2025
Rural adolescent attitudes and use of bicycle helmets in Iowa.
Article in Injury epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Correction to: Rural adolescent attitudes and use of bicycle helmets in Iowa.Injury epidemiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHelmet use significantly decreases head injuries, the most common cause of bicycle-related fatalities in youth. Our objective was to determine bicycle helmet use by rural adolescents, their attitudes regarding helmets, and associated demographic factors.
methodsA convenience sample of 2022 Iowa FFA (formerly Future Farmers of America) Leadership Conference attendees completed an anonymous electronic or paper survey. After compilation in Qualtrics, descriptive, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed using statistical program, R.
results1,331 adolescents 13-18 years participated. Almost three-fifths (58%) were female; 56% were 16-18 years. One-half lived on a farm, 21% lived in the country/not on a farm and 28% lived in town. 90% of subject households had at least one bicycle. Overall, 78% had ridden a bicycle in the past year. Those from farms had lower proportions that had ridden a bicycle in the past year (73%) than those living elsewhere (83%), p < 0.001, and also rode them less frequently. The mean importance (rated 1-10) of wearing a bike helmet was 4.7 (median 4). Males, older teens, non-Hispanic White individuals, and those from farms all ascribed lower bicycle helmet importance than their corresponding peers. Only 15% supported laws requiring bicycle helmet use. Three-quarters (74%) rarely or never wore a helmet; only 13% said they always or mostly wore a helmet. A direct relationship was noted between helmet use and those who rode more frequently, and to those ascribing higher importance to helmet use. Only 12% stated their parents had a strict "no helmet, no riding" rule. However, those with a rule had 18 times greater odds of supporting bicycle helmet laws and had a higher median ascribed bicycle helmet importance as compared to those without a rule (9 vs. 4). Moreover, participants with a strict rule had 32 times higher odds of wearing a bicycle helmet always/most of the time versus those without a rule.
conclusionsBicycle helmet use is infrequent among rural adolescents. Youth whose parents had a strict "no helmet, no riding" rule placed greater importance on using helmets, were more supportive of bicycle helmet laws, and had significantly greater helmet use.
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