Trial reportBMC psychology2025
Transdiagnostic CBT for bedtime procrastination: a pilot randomized controlled trial targeting behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dimensions.
Trial report in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sleepless in Germany: psychometric validation of a German version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Treating insomnia during pregnancy improves bedtime procrastination, rumination, anxiety, and positive affect: a randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies for prenatal insomnia.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesBedtime procrastination (BP) is a significant contributor to insufficient sleep. While existing interventions primarily focus on behavioral aspects, BP involves complex interactions between behavioral, cognitive, and emotional components. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in reducing bedtime procrastination by simultaneously targeting its behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dimensions.
methodIn this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 32 university students with significant bedtime procrastination (BPS score ≥ 28) were randomly assigned to either a tCBT intervention (n = 16) or a wait-list control group (n = 16). The intervention consisted of 20 weekly one-hour sessions following the Unified Protocol. Outcomes were measured using the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up.
resultsMixed-model ANOVAs revealed significant time × group interactions for all outcome measures (p <.001). The intervention group showed substantial improvements in bedtime procrastination (η² = 0.404), emotion regulation (η² = 0.471), and sleep-related beliefs (η² = 0.404), with large effect sizes maintained at 3-month follow-up (Hedges' g = 1.29, 1.22, and 1.24 respectively). The wait-list group showed no significant changes.
conclusionsThis study provides the first evidence for tCBT's effectiveness in treating bedtime procrastination through a comprehensive approach addressing multiple maintaining factors. The large effect sizes and maintenance of gains at follow-up suggest that targeting cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dimensions simultaneously may be more effective than single-component interventions.
trial registrationThis randomized clinical trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT Id: IRCT20200112046097N1). (Registration Date: 26/07/2020).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.