ArticleStem cell research & therapy2025
Therapeutic effects of CTLA4Ig-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Chronic Autoimmune Diseases: A Focus on Diabetes Mellitus, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Rheumatoid Arthritis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated immunomodulation and targeted delivery: breakthroughs and challenges in rheumatoid arthritis therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Systemic regulation of rheumatoid arthritis by mesenchymal stem cells: from immune homeostasis to microbiota modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Theranostic Nanoprobes for Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Inflammation Visualization to Guided Precision Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in rheumatoid arthritis: emerging roles in progression, diagnosis, and therapeutic development.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in osteoimmunology: mechanisms, disease contexts, and translational prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by cartilage damage and bone erosion. Current pharmacological treatments often fail to repair damaged tissues and may cause severe immune-related side effects. Moreover, some patients exhibit inadequate responses to existing therapies. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from immortalized mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) overexpressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 immunoglobulin fusion protein (CTLA4Ig) (CT-EV) compared with iMSC-derived EVs (ASC-EV).
methodsFollowing EV characterization and in vitro functional assessments, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model mice (n = 10/group) were treated with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (dPBS, 150 µL, twice weekly; Group C), ASC-EV (derived from the culture supernatant of 2 × 10
resultsCT-EV showed a significant increase in EV quantity and the production of CTLA4, transforming growth factor β1, and interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist compared with ASC-EV. In mitogen-stimulated immune cells from CIA mice, CT-EV significantly reduced IL-6, IL-10, and Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Presumably Secreted (RANTES) levels. Administration of both ASC-EV and CT-EV led to a decrease in macrophage proportions and an increase in T helper type 2 cells and serum IL-4 levels. Furthermore, CT-EV treatment resulted in additional reductions in anti-CII antibody levels, C-telopeptide II concentrations, and the proportion of CD138⁺ cells, thereby contributing to cartilage protection.
conclusionsCT-EV demonstrated superior therapeutic effects compared with ASC-EV in the CIA model, highlighting its potential as an effective treatment strategy for RA.
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