Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40660267›Full record

ArticleJournal of hematology & oncology2025

Development and validation of a prognostic staging system for primary plasma cell leukemia.

Mengru Tian, Gang An, Weijun Fu, Wenqiang Yan, Lu Li, Chunyan Sun, Zhenyu Li, Lijuan Chen, Aijun Liao, Guangxun Gao and 25 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of hematology & oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

35 authors.

Mengru Tian *Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Gang An *State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
Weijun Fu *Department of Hematology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Wenqiang YanState Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
Lu LiDepartment of Hematology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Chunyan SunDepartment of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Zhenyu LiDepartment of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
Lijuan ChenDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Aijun LiaoDepartment of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Guangxun GaoDepartment of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Xiaoqi QinDepartment of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Mengyao LiDepartment of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Chunrui LiDepartment of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Hua XueDepartment of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China.
Li GaoMedical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Yi WangDepartment of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
Aili HeDepartment of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi'an, China.
Fan ZhouDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Jing'an District Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Dongmei GuoDepartment of Hematology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
Yujun DongDepartment of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Zhihong FangDepartment of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Xiaoxia ChuDepartment of Hematology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China.
Jianqing MiDepartment of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Chengcheng FuDepartment of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Hui ZengDepartment of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Shuling HouDepartment of Hematology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China.
Xiaotao WangDepartment of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.
Hua WangDepartment of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
Yongqiang WeiDepartment of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xinyue LiangDepartment of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Xingcheng YiLaboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Yue SunLaboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Lugui QiuState Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China. qiulg@ihcams.ac.cn.
Yun DaiLaboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China. daiyun@jlu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-2285-0818
Fengyan JinDepartment of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China. fengyanjin@jlu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-2288-556X

Funding

Jilin Provincial Scientific and Technological Development Program 20190201042JCJilin Provincial Scientific and Technological Development Program 20190201163JCNational Natural Science Foundation of China 81471165National Natural Science Foundation of China 81670189
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe existing risk models for multiple myeloma (MM) are suboptimal for the stratification of patients with primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL), a rare and peculiar MM. In this study, we aimed to develop a staging system for pPCL defined as the presence of ≥ 5% circulating plasma cells (CPC) according to the new diagnostic criteria, utilizing one of the largest series of patients with pPCL.

methodsThis multicenter retrospective study included 340 patients with pPCL (the training cohort) from 25 centers nationwide in China. The prognostic impact of baseline characteristics and cytogenetic abnormalities was evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify variables predicting overall survival (OS) to develop a staging system. Its performance was then validated in an independent cohort (n = 80). Genome-wide DNA and RNA sequencing were performed to explore the molecular basis for inter-stage clinical heterogeneity.

resultsDel(17p), t(4;14), and t(14;16), but not 1q+, were verified as high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCAs) of pPCL. HRCA, elevated LDH, and thrombocytopenia had the highest impact on OS and were used to create a simple algorithm, stratifying patients with pPCL into stages I, II, and III, with median OS of 54.1, 24.0, and 5.4 months (II vs. I: HR, 1.986; 95% CI, 1.034-3.814; P = 0.0394; III vs. II: HR, 3.206; 95% CI, 1.757-5.852; P = 0.0001) in the training cohort and 62.1, 31.6, and 21.8 months (II vs. I: HR, 2.013; 95% CI, 0.954-4.251; P = 0.0664; III vs. II: HR, 2.694; 95% CI, 1.136-6.392; P = 0.0245) in the independent validation cohort. The accuracy (c-index 0.711) was higher than other models. Moreover, patients with different stages had highly diverse genomic and transcriptomic aberrations.

conclusionsWe propose a pPCL-specific staging system based on LDH, thrombocytopenia, and cytogenetic abnormalities, which warrants further validation, particularly in a prospective setting.

Indexed as

Leukemia, Plasma CellAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChromosome AberrationsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingPrognosisRetrospective StudiesBiological heterogeneityHigh-risk cytogeneticsOverall survivalPrimary plasma cell leukemiaStaging system

Identifiers

PMID40660267
PMCPMC12261572

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.