ArticleHarm reduction journal2025
Community-Originated Research to Identify Access Gaps in Over-the-Counter Naloxone Availability in Connecticut Pharmacies.
Article in Harm reduction journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Availability of Naloxone in Retail Pharmacies Following Introduction of Over-the-Counter Status.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Pharmacy-level barriers to opioid overdose prevention: availability and accessibility of naloxone and buprenorphine-naloxone in high-risk Texas counties.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Availability and cost of naloxone over time: A longitudinal secret shopper study in North Carolina community pharmacies.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNaloxone, a life-saving medication that reverses opioid overdoses, was available in the United States only by prescription until March 2023, when the federal government approved nasal-spray formulations for over the counter sales to expand access. We assessed the availability of naloxone in a sample of pharmacies across the state of Connecticut.
methodsBetween September 15 and November 24, 2024, trained community-based volunteers surveyed a convenience sample of pharmacies throughout the state, focusing on naloxone signage, availability, cost, and in-store location. Pharmacies were categorized into three groups: chain pharmacies, pharmacies within grocery stores, and independent pharmacies. Summary statistics for the full sample and the three subgroups were tabulated, and differences between groups were analyzed using Fisher's exact tests.
resultsA total of 162 pharmacies across all Connecticut counties were evaluated. While naloxone was available in most pharmacies, it was predominantly kept behind the pharmacy counter (n = 111, 73.5%) or the general checkout counter (n = 46, 30.5%). Fewer than 20% of pharmacies (n = 29) had naloxone easily accessible on an aisle shelf. Pricing was often high (≥ $60), particularly in independent pharmacies (n = 7, 22.6%; p < 0.001). Additionally, fewer than 20% of pharmacies (n = 31) displayed signage related to naloxone availability, and all signage was exclusively in English.
conclusionsDespite widespread availability, naloxone access was restricted by its in-store location, high cost, and inadequate signage. This highlights a notable discrepancy between naloxone availability and accessibility, suggesting a lag in the effective implementation of policy in intended settings.
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Registered trials
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