ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025
Engineered Panax notoginseng polysaccharide micelles inhibit macrophage polarization and delay the progression of rheumatoid arthritis via JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microglia-targetedMaterials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Tissue-Resident Macrophage in Inflammation and Cancer.MedComm · 2026Review
- Assembly delivery of bioactive matters: Advances, challenges, and prospects.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- A Tissue-Homologous Keratin-PBA Hydrogel Integrating Rationally Designed Nanomicelles Enables Microenvironment-Adaptive Repair of Chronic Diabetic Wounds.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Polysaccharide-Based Approaches for Inflammation Treatment: Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms, Delivery Approaches and Translational Prospects.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- A Vakognavine-Type Diterpenoid Alkaloid as FoxO1 Inhibitors against Rheumatoid Arthritis.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Advances in Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Chronic Autoimmune Diseases: A Focus on Diabetes Mellitus, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Rheumatoid Arthritis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- An engineered ROS-responsive cascade nanoplatform delays Alzheimer's disease progression via Nrf2/GPX4-mediated microglial functional reprogramming.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- ESCRT-Mimetic Nanodegrader Targets STING for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Rewiring immunity in rheumatoid arthritis: metabolic and epigenetic therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Natural Product-Based Nanomicelles: Properties, Fabrication Strategies, and Therapeutic Applications in Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Selective JAK2 inhibition by TG101209 reprograms macrophage polarization and alleviates acute lung injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Smart Polymer Nanoparticles: Targeting Macrophages/Fibroblasts and Modulating the Microenvironment for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Advances in traditional Chinese medicine for modulating macrophage polarization in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The SIRT1/STAT3 axis as a central regulator of immune, inflammatory, and lipid metabolic dysregulation in rheumatoid arthritis: therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Preparation and bioactivities of selenium nanoparticles based on a polysaccharide fromFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Anti-inflammatory effects of natural polysaccharides: molecular mechanisms and nanotherapeutic applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe imbalance of macrophage polarization plays a pivotal role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Reprogramming macrophages from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype is considered a promising therapeutic strategy.
methodsTo address this challenge, Panax notoginseng polysaccharides (PNP) with varying molecular weights were chemically conjugated with deoxycholic acid (DC) to obtain amphiphilic conjugates (PNP-DC), which self-assembled into micelles (PNP-Ms). After screening for optimal molecular weight, folic acid (FA) was introduced onto the micelle surface, and Polyphyllin I (PPI) was encapsulated to form FA-modified, PPI-loaded micelles (FA-PPI-Ms) with macrophage-targeting capability.
resultsFA-PPI-Ms showed enhanced cellular uptake via FA receptor-mediated endocytosis and effectively eliminated reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced inflammatory cytokine production, and exhibited good biosafety. In vivo, FA-PPI-Ms significantly alleviated joint swelling and inflammation in RA rat models. Mechanistic studies based on RNA sequencing and experimental validation revealed that FA-PPI-Ms suppressed the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby promoting M2 macrophage polarization and restoring the M1/M2 balance.
conclusionThis study presents a novel FA-PPI-Ms delivery system for targeted macrophages. By modulating polarization through inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling, the system offers a promising therapeutic strategy for RA and potentially other inflammatory diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.