Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40660023›Full record

Observational studyPediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2025

Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of nephrocalcinosis in preterm infants: a prospective cohort study.

Mithun Krishna, Jitendra Meena, Anmol Bhatia, Arushi Yadav, Jogender Kumar, Kanya Mukhopadhyay, Praveen Kumar

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mithun KrishnaNeonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
Jitendra MeenaDepartment of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Anmol BhatiaDepartment of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Arushi YadavDepartment of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
Jogender KumarNeonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India. jogendrayadv@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-0464-9689
Kanya MukhopadhyayNeonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
Praveen KumarNeonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundKidneys in preterm infants are exposed to various exogenous factors that may affect their maturation and development. Hence, they are at a higher risk of developing nephrocalcinosis (NC). We aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and short-term outcomes of NC in preterm neonates admitted to a tertiary-care neonatal unit.

methodsThis prospective observational study included preterm infants born at < 33 weeks gestation. Infants with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) or major malformations were excluded. Ultrasound scans were performed at 3-6 weeks of postnatal age to screen for NC using a modified grading system. Clinical data, including demographics, respiratory support, medication exposure, nutrition, and biochemical markers, were collected. Infants with NC were followed up at 3 and 6 months of corrected age to assess the resolution of NC and kidney function.

resultsAmong the 152 enrolled neonates, 23 (15.1%) had NC. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.6; 95% CI: 1.1-12.3; p = 0.04) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (aOR-4.5; 95% CI: 1.2-16.8; p = 0.03) were independently associated with NC. At 3 months, 17 of the 23 infants were re-evaluated, and NC resolved in 13 (76.5%). By 6-8 months, all but one infant showed resolution. All the infants had normal kidney function at the last follow-up.

conclusionNephrocalcinosis occurred in 15% of preterm neonates and was significantly associated with RDS and TPN use. Most cases resolved spontaneously without adverse outcomes. These findings support targeted NC screening in high-risk neonates.

Indexed as

Infant, Premature, DiseasesNephrocalcinosisRespiratory Distress Syndrome, NewbornFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGestational AgeHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureKidneyMaleParenteral NutritionProspective StudiesRisk FactorsDiureticsKidney functionKidney maturationNephrocalcinosisPrematurity

Identifiers

PMID40660023

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.