Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40659972›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026

Fresh Food Rx: Evaluating the Impact of a Produce Prescription Program on Engagement and Well-being Using the RE-AIM Framework.

Rachel Zimmer, Ashley Strahley, Diane Shenberger, Deepak Palakshappa, Lindsey Abdelfattah, Sarah A Birken, Roger Vilardaga, Charlotte Crotts, Amresh Hanchate

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Rachel ZimmerDepartment of Implementation Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 529 Vine Street, 4th Floor, Winston Salem, NC , 27101, USA. r.zimmer@wakehealth.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-1037-069X
Ashley StrahleyDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 529 Vine Street, 4th floor, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
Diane ShenbergerYMCA of Northwest NC, Winston Lake Family YMCA/REACH Center, Winston Salem, 901 Waterworks Rd, NC , 27101, USA.
Deepak PalakshappaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Downtown Health Plaza, 1200 N Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Winston-Salem, NC , 27101, USA.
Lindsey AbdelfattahDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 529 Vine Street, 4th floor, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
Sarah A BirkenDepartment of Implementation Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 529 Vine Street, 4th Floor, Winston Salem, NC , 27101, USA.
Roger VilardagaDepartment of Implementation Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 529 Vine Street, 4th Floor, Winston Salem, NC , 27101, USA.
Charlotte CrottsSection on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, USA, Ground Floor, Administration Suite, NC, 27157.
Amresh HanchateDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 529 Vine Street, 4th floor, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA.

Funding

Tumor Tissue CoreP30CA012197 · NCI · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Ruben A. Mesa · 1985 to 2026
$55.4M
Increasing the population-level impact of a digital therapeutic for smokers with psychiatric illnessK02DA054304 · NIDA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Roger Vilardaga · 2022 to 2026
$629k
Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute P30CA012197HRSA HHS K01HP3346NCI NIH HHS P30 CA012197NIDA NIH HHS K02 DA054304U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2022-70424-38541
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionFood insecurity (FI) affects 13.8% of the USA, disproportionately afflicts low-income and minority populations, and is associated with increased risks of chronic health conditions. Produce prescription (PRx) programs, a Food Is Medicine intervention, have emerged as a promising way to address FI and improve the health of participants with limited access to healthy foods and chronic metabolic conditions, yet PRx implementation in practice remains poorly understood.

methodsWe used the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance framework to inform semi-structured interviews with 15 participants enrolled in a 12-month PRx intervention that provided weekly produce deliveries, personalized nutrition coaching, and community-based education sessions to alleviate food insecurity and support dietary behavior change. Interviews explored the intervention's implementation and impacts. We analyzed interview data using a reflexive thematic analysis approach.

settingAcademic health system in North Carolina.

resultsParticipants expressed a variety of motivations for participation (reach). Improved dietary knowledge, community engagement, improvements in health, and motivations to prioritize self-care were viewed as benefits of participation (effectiveness). Engagement was facilitated by social connection as well as the financial benefit and consistency of receiving weekly produce boxes. Barriers to full engagement in PRx (implementation) included logistical, transportation, and financial constraints. Participants expressed a strong commitment to maintaining healthy eating habits, but many were unsure how they would do so because of systemic barriers to healthy food (maintenance).

conclusionsOur study generated novel evidence regarding PRx implementation. We found that PRx implementation was limited by logistical and financial constraints and facilitated by consistent produce access, relationships with the staff and fellow peers, and community-based education. Our findings suggest that flexible produce delivery options, individual-level dietary counseling, and community-located educational sessions enhanced PRx implementation. Future studies should examine strategies to support engagement and sustained behavior change and evaluate mechanisms for stable program implementation.

Indexed as

Diet, HealthyFood InsecurityFood SupplyHealth PromotionAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNorth CarolinaProgram Evaluationbehavior change theoryfood insecurityfood is medicineImplementation scienceMedicaidNorth Carolinaproduce prescriptionqualitative researchRE-AIM

Identifiers

PMID40659972
PMCPMC12956269

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.