ArticleMolecular imaging and biology2025
Preclinical Evaluation of Novel SGLT2-Targeted Near-Infrared Optical Imaging Agent for Early-Stage Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma.
Article in Molecular imaging and biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intraoperative Nodule Localization in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Existing and Emerging Techniques.Cancers · 2026Review
- Translational development of an SGLT2-targeted near-infrared contrast agent for intraoperative imaging of early-stage lung cancer.EJNMMI research · 2026Article
- Lighting the path: a narrative review of non-molecular intraoperative lung imaging modalities.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeLung cancer is increasingly diagnosed at early stages, but intraoperative localization of early lesions remains challenging. Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) aids in localization of tumors during surgery; however, no optical agents are targeted specifically for early-stage lesions. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) has been implicated in early lung carcinogenesis. This study aimed to describe SGLT2 expression in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and develop and validate a novel SGLT2-targeted near-infrared (NIR) contrast agent, GlucoGlo, for imaging LUAD. PROCEDURES: SGLT2 expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in human samples. GlucoGlo optical properties were characterized and compared to common NIR dyes. Sensitivity and specificity for SGLT2 were assessed using preclinical in vitro and in vivo mouse models.
resultsOn IHC, stage I LUAD displayed higher SGLT2 expression than stage II-III LUAD and normal lung tissue. GlucoGlo exhibited similar depth of penetration and resolution to FDA-approved contrast agents. SGLT2-expressing cell lines treated with GlucoGlo displayed higher fluorescence than the control cell line, confirming SGLT2-dependent uptake. Fluorescence increased with both incubation time and GlucoGlo concentration. Glucose and unconjugated GlucoGlo ligand competitively inhibited GlucoGlo in a dose-dependent manner, indicating high affinity and specificity. GlucoGlo selectively accumulated in SGLT2-expressing flank xenografts, with mean SBR of 2.23 and was inhibited by pretreatment with unconjugated GlucoGlo ligand.
conclusionsThese findings support the potential of GlucoGlo as a targeted IMI contrast agent for early-stage LUAD, and they provide a foundation for future in vivo studies and translational development.
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