SynthesisEuropean journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society2025
The effect of external bleeding control training courses on lay first-person responders'knowledge, skills, and attitudes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.
Synthesis in European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Balanced Component and Whole-Blood Transfusion Practices in US Trauma Centers.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Mobile triage units for abdominal trauma in sub-Saharan Africa: current evidence, implementation barriers, and strategies for scale-up.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExsanguinating hemorrhage is the most common cause of preventable trauma death at the injury scene, and it is often due to the inability to control bleeding immediately. Training layperson first responders (LFR) in trauma care, particularly hemorrhage control, has been recommended to address this trauma care gap. We conducted a systematic review (SR) to analyze the effect of hemorrhage control training courses for LFRs on knowledge, skill, and attitude to intervene in trauma patients.
methodsPubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to identify relevant peer-reviewed research articles describing evaluations of hemorrhage control courses for LFR between 2013 and 2024. Studies examined whether the training course was implemented in low- and middle-income countries (LMICS); trainees were LFR and had outcome measures, including knowledge, skills, attitudes (confidence gained, willingness, comfort, and likelihood to intervene) toward care utilization for trauma patients, as well as outcomes.
resultsThe SR included 12 articles. The quality of the selected studies was generally high. Five studies (42%) reported improved willingness, confidence, comfort, and the likelihood of responding safely to trauma. Nine studies (75%) used pre-and post-tests to document knowledge acquired, and five studies (42%) used knowledge retention evaluation at different intervals and reported substantial knowledge and skill reductions after a few months (1-3 months, 3-6 months, or both 6 and 9 months or up to 3 years). A few studies followed incident reports to document the utilization of knowledge and skills acquired during training. None reported patient outcomes.
conclusionBleeding control training courses for layperson first responders in LMICS significantly improve knowledge, skill, confidence, and willingness to intervene to apply bleeding control techniques to trauma patients. Evaluating clinically relevant outcomes is needed to strengthen the evidence.
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