ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2025
The role of exosomes in immunopathology and potential therapeutic implications.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Research progress on exosomes in the otology field: a systematic review.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Injectable Hydrogel Loaded With Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Exosomes Promotes Periodontal Bone Regeneration via the TLR4/NF-κB Signalling Pathway.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Exosome-mediated muscle-bone crosstalk: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Matrix Stiffness Enhances Odontogenic Differentiation of DPSCs through Membrane Curvature Protein Baiap2-Modulated Exosome Release.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- Exosomes as Emerging Therapeutic and Diagnostic Platforms: Biological Functions, Clinical Applications, and Translational Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- CARM1-mediated hypoxanthine-enriched exosomes rewire inosine metabolism and impair CD8Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Alveolar Epithelial Cell-Derived Exosomes Exacerbate Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction Through HDAC2 Signalling.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Rab27: Molecular switch of tumor exosome secretion (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The human breast milk microbiome: a landscape review of its composition, origins, and impact on infant health.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Next-generation heparin antidotes: "Exosomes as a biocompatible alternative to protamine sulfate".Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Coro1a promotes the multivesicular body and plasma membrane fusion by facilitating PKM2-mediated SNAP-23 phosphorylation.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Hypothalamic wars: the last nanodelivery.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Review
- State-of-the-Art Applications of Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors in Exosome Detection: A Comprehensive Review.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Engineered Exosomes: Innovative Strategies for Precision Drug Delivery in Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- A review of recent advances in exosome-mediated drug delivery for regenerative therapy and immunomodulation.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, ectosomes, and apoptotic bodies, are released by various cells. Among these subtypes, exosomes have been extensively studied and demonstrated to be crucial mediators of intercellular communication involving multiple physiological and pathological processes. Four primary steps influence the biogenesis of exosomes: generation of early endosomes, formation and maturation of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), MVB and plasma membrane fusion for exosome release, and MVB fusion with lysosomes for degradation. During the formation and maturation of MVBs, the main effector molecules, such as RNAs and proteins, are sorted into exosomes via diverse mechanisms. However, the effector molecules of exosomes are dynamic and reflect cell states in real time. Therefore, exosomes secreted by cells under disease conditions are often pathogenic. This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of exosome biogenesis and the immunopathological effects of exosomes. In addition, potential strategies to mitigate the pathological effects of exosomes are summarized in this review.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.