Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40657953›Full record

ArticleThe journal of spinal cord medicine2026

Gamifying education on addressing real-world barriers, obstacles, and challenges commonly encountered by mobility device users: A convergent mixed-methods feasibility study.

Sangmi Park, Jorge L Candiotti, Verity Rampulla, Evan J Rafferty, Rosemarie Cooper, Nikitha Deepak, Sivashankar Sivakanthan, Jason Raad, Rory A Cooper

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sangmi ParkHuman Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3029-1772
Jorge L CandiottiHuman Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Verity RampullaDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Evan J RaffertyDepartment of English, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Rosemarie CooperHuman Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Nikitha DeepakHuman Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Sivashankar SivakanthanHuman Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Jason RaadDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Rory A CooperHuman Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0405-5773

Funding

RRD VA IK2 RX003806
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextDespite significant improvements in the built environment over the past 30 years, barriers and obstacles still make navigating accessible environments challenging. Mobility Device Users (MDUs) typically receive training in controlled settings; however, this training may not adequately prepare them for real-world challenges. To address this gap in training, essential skills were identified and gamified into an educational board game called HERL-Town.

objectiveTo assess the feasibility of the game as a training tool.

designA convergent mixed methods design with quantitative data collected using the Model for the Evaluation of Educational Games (MEEGA+) instrument and qualitative data gathered in 12 focus groups.

settingNational Disabled Veterans Winter Sports Clinic (Snowmass Village, Colorado).

resultsThe analysis included 35 adult MDUs who use ground transportation at least once a week and 15 travel companions who travel regularly with MDUs. Transformed mean scores for all nine MEEGA + dimensions were 55.85, suggesting favorable educational potential and user experience. Content analysis of focus group discussions suggests participants found HERL-Town engaging and educational, though some suggested enhancements to educational content and usability of physical elements of the game.

conclusionHERL-Town offers a new and novel approach to training essential skills needed to utilize ground transportation effectively. MDUs may know how to operate mobility devices; however, anticipating challenges and identifying strategies for addressing these challenges in real-world environments requires trial and error garnered over an extended period. Gamification of these strategies may help MDUs anticipate these challenges and identify adaptive responses in dynamic environments.

Indexed as

Patient Education as TopicPersons with DisabilitiesSelf-Help DevicesSpinal Cord InjuriesAdultFeasibility StudiesFemaleFocus GroupsHumansMaleMiddle AgedAssistive technologyCommunity integrationGamificationPower scooterWheelchair training

Identifiers

PMID40657953
PMCPMC13061065

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.