Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40657431›Full record

ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2025

Healthcare resource utilisation and costs associated with hypertension in children and adolescents: a population-based cohort study.

Junayd Hussain, Rabeeyah Ahmed, Cal H Robinson, Nivethika Jeyakumar, Graham Smith, Tammy M Brady, Allison B Dart, Janis Dionne, Sabine Karam, Ashlene McKay and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Junayd HussainMichael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Rabeeyah AhmedMichael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Cal H RobinsonDepartment of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Nivethika JeyakumarLawson Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.
Graham SmithLawson Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.
Tammy M BradyDivision of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Allison B DartDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Janis DionneDivision of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Sabine KaramDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Ashlene McKayDepartment of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Rulan S ParekhDepartment of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Manish D SinhaDepartment of Pediatric Nephrology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Andrew M SouthDepartment of Pediatrics, Brenner Children's, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Carol VincentDepartment of Pediatrics, Brenner Children's, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Rahul ChanchlaniICES, ON, Canada.

Funding

J. NRSA Training Core (TL1)TL1TR003136 · NCATS · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI TOOZE, JANET A. · 2019 to 2023
$2.1M
The role of angiotensin-(1-7) in hypertension and hypertension-induced heart and kidney damageK23HL148394 · NHLBI · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SOUTH, ANDREW MICHAEL · 2020 to 2024
$783k
NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR003136NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL148394
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The global prevalence of paediatric hypertension has increased, contributing to long-term cardiovascular and kidney morbidity. However, healthcare resource utilisation and costs attributable to paediatric hypertension remain uncertain. This study evaluates healthcare utilisation and costs among hypertensive children compared to controls. Methods: In a population-based retrospective cohort study, we analysed youth (aged 3-18 years) diagnosed with hypertension in Ontario, Canada (1993-2021). Using propensity score matching, 25,605 hypertensive children were compared to 128,025 controls and followed until death, emigration, or 31 March 2022. Healthcare utilisation (hospitalisations, emergency visits, outpatient visits) was assessed via negative binomial regression. Secondary outcomes included healthcare costs and specialist follow-up. Findings: Median age was 15 years [IQR 11-17], 49% were female, and comorbidities were uncommon (4% (6497/153,630) congenital heart disease, 2% (9359/153,630) malignancy, 2% (2892/153,630) diabetes, 1% (2004/153,630) chronic kidney disease). Over a median follow-up of 12.9 [IQR 6.8-19.9] years, hypertensive children had higher hospitalisations (rate ratio [RR] 2.13, 95% CI 2.03-2.22), emergency visits (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05-1.11), and outpatient visits (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.31-1.34). Mean healthcare costs were substantially higher in children with hypertension, especially in the first year ($16,690 vs $2659 per person-year). Interpretation: Healthcare resource utilisation was significantly higher in youth with hypertension. These findings provide a basis for future cost-effectiveness studies on preventing paediatric hypertension and its complications. Funding: This study was funded in part by a 2021/2022 CoRE Builder Team Grant from McMaster University's Department of Paediatrics and supported by ICES Western, funded by the Ontario Ministry of Health (MOH) and Ministry of Long-Term Care.

Indexed as

Healthcare resourcesHealthcare utilizationHospitalizationsLong-term outcomesOutpatient carePediatric hypertensionPopulation-based cohortPreventive medicinePublic health

Identifiers

PMID40657431
PMCPMC12246695

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.