ArticleIndian journal of anaesthesia2025
Effect of perioperative transdermal nicotine patch on postoperative pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Indian journal of anaesthesia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Background and Aims: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has emerged as a potential intervention for managing perioperative pain. However, their effectiveness remains unclear, as previous studies neither considered the effect of the route of administration nor differentiated the effect between smokers and non-smokers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of a perioperative transdermal nicotine patch on postoperative pain in both smokers and non-smokers compared with a placebo. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of transdermal nicotine and placebo on postoperative pain. Databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. The findings were evaluated using forest plots and expressed as relative risk (RR) or mean difference (MD) for primary and secondary outcomes. Results: Twelve studies included in the analysis showed no significant difference in pain scores (NRS) at 24 h between the two groups, with an MD -0.24 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.55, 0.07; P = 0.13] (I Conclusion: The perioperative transdermal nicotine patch did not significantly reduce postoperative pain scores compared with placebo. There appears to be a significant reduction in smokers, but the evidence is inadequate to conclude this finding.
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