ReviewBiology of sport2025
Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder among highly trained and elite female athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Biology of sport, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Monitoring Menstrual Health in Footballers: Considerations for Tracking Menstrual and Hormonal Contraceptive Cycles in the Field to Support Performance.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) involves psychological and physical symptoms affecting around 30% of reproductive-age women, while premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a more severe, less common form. The aim of the review was to determine whether PMS and PMDD are more common among highly trained female athletes compared to non-training women.The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022323111). A search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (up to August 2024) identified 12 eligible studies, with 7 included in the meta-analysis. Data from 1570 female athletes and 1165 non-athletes were analysed. A total of 755 cases of PMS and 54 cases of PMDD were found in all included studies. The prevalence of PMS among athletes ranged from 8.6 to 65.8%, while the impact of symptoms on athletic performance was reported by 41.1 to 44.3% of respondents. The meta-analysis on PMS prevalence (n = 2005 women) indicated 16% lower odds for athletes compared to non-athletes, however, the result was not statistically significant (p = 0.409). The prevalence of PMDD among athletes ranged from 1.3 to 13.1%. Meta-analysis results (n = 1314 women) showed 16% higher odds ratio of PMDD prevalence among athletes compared to non-athletes, but the association was also not significant (p = 0.660). This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the susceptibility of women to PMS and PMDD symptoms in relation to physical activity at a professional level. The prevalence of PMS among athletes could be highly variable, while PMDD appears to be a relatively minor issue. Further research regarding PMS and PMDD in female athletes is warranted.
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