ReviewRSC advances2025
Environmental impact and sustainability of nanocellulose-based nitrated polymers in propellants.
Review in RSC advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nanocellulose-based nitrated polymers derived from cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), represent a significant innovation in the field of propellant materials. These renewable and biodegradable materials align with sustainability goals, offering reduced environmental impact compared to traditional synthetic propellants. This review highlights key findings on their environmental advantages, emphasizing greener synthesis methods, efficient production processes, and life cycle benefits. CNFs, CNCs, and BNC demonstrate competitive energetic properties while reducing reliance on non-renewable resources and minimizing harmful byproducts during production. Advances in enzymatic pretreatments, acid recovery systems, and renewable feedstocks have improved resource efficiency and scalability. Moreover, these nanocellulose-based nitrated polymers provide an opportunity to balance high-performance requirements with environmental priorities, addressing a critical challenge in modern propellant technology. Despite their promise, challenges such as performance optimization, regulatory compliance, and cost-effective scalability remain. This review calls for further research to develop safer nitration techniques, optimize production processes, and conduct comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA). Collaborative efforts among researchers, industry, and policymakers are essential to overcome these barriers and establish nanocellulose-based nitrated polymers as sustainable alternatives for propellant applications.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.