ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2025
Woodward procedure with intraoperative neuromonitoring for Sprengel deformity: a retrospective study with a mean 5-year follow-up.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Iatrogenic Brachial Plexus Injuries Evaluated in an Electrodiagnostic Lab.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Bilateral Sprengel's Deformity Treated with Bilateral Modified Woodward Procedure: A Case Report.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Bilateral Sprengel deformity with asymmetrical omovertebral connections in a child with Klippel-Feil syndrome: a rare case report.Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica · 2026Article
- Clinical efficacy analysis of Woodward's procedure for Sprengel deformity in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Morphological analysis of the omovertebral bone and scapula in children with sprengel deformity using three-dimensional computed tomography.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: The Woodward procedure was designed to correct Sprengel deformity (SD) while brachial plexus injury remains a critical complication. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Woodward procedure with clavicle osteotomy and intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in enhancing postoperative functional outcomes, cosmetic appearance, and nerve injury prevention. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent the Woodward procedure with clavicle osteotomy and IONM for Sprengel deformity at our institution between January 2013 and May 2023. Patient demographics, clinical and cosmetic outcomes before and after surgery, and complications were analyzed. Results: A total of 36 patients (female: male = 16:20) with a mean age of 4.1 ± 1.5 years were included, with a mean follow-up of 5.6 years. Intraoperatively, no IONM alerts occurred. At the latest follow-up, shoulder abduction improved by an average of 74°, and Cavendish grade improved from grade 3 or 4 preoperatively to grade 1 or 2. Radiographic analysis showed Rigault grade improvement from grade 3 to grade 1 or 2. Aside from a single instance of delayed wound healing and one case of hypertrophic scarring, no brachial plexus injuries or long-term complications were observed. Conclusions: Woodward procedure combined with clavicle osteotomy and IONM for SD patients is associated with significant improvement in postoperative functional outcome, cosmetic appearance, low risk of complications and high levels of satisfaction.
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