ArticleJournal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences2025
Mechanistic Evaluation of Thymoquinone Derivative-Induced Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma Cells.
Article in Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Phytochemicals and Irisin as Multi-Target Regulators of Adipose Tissue Browning and Metabolic Reprogramming: Synergies with GLP-1 Pathways.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options, necessitating the development of targeted and effective therapeutics. Thymoquinone (TQ), a natural compound with known anticancer potential, has been modified to enhance its efficacy. Materials and Methods: A series of TQ derivatives (SS-01 to SS-05) and the parent compound (SS-06) were synthesized and screened for cytotoxic activity using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against various cancer cell lines-glioblastoma (SNB-19, U251), breast carcinoma (MCF-7, MD-MBA-231), pancreatic carcinoma (MIAPaCa, PANC-1), lung carcinoma (A549), prostate carcinoma (PC3)-and a normal fibroblast cell line (FR2). The most promising derivative, SS-03, was further evaluated in U251 glioblastoma cells using colony formation assay, Western blotting for apoptotic markers, and flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis. Results: Among all derivatives, SS-03 exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, particularly against U251 glioblastoma cells. SS-03 treatment significantly increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, induced apoptosis, arrested the cell cycle in S-phase, and suppressed colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, SS-03 showed selective toxicity towards cancer cells while sparing normal fibroblasts. Conclusion: SS-03, a novel TQ derivative, demonstrates potent anticancer activity against glioblastoma cells through apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest.
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