Observational studyJNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association2025
Audio-Visual Distraction- A Non-Pharmacological Approach to Alleviate Pain in Pediatric Vaccine Administration: An Observational Study.
Observational study in JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Psychological Interventions for Reducing Distress During Vaccine Injections.The Clinical journal of pain · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The routine vaccine injections are one of the most common and painful procedures during childhood specifically in infancy. In order to improve the effectivity of pain reduction during routine vaccination OPD this study was done to analyse the effectiveness of audio-visual gadgets as a distraction tool for pain reduction in infants during the vaccination procedure. Methods: A comparative observational study conducted at a tertiary healthcare center vaccination out patient department. Children aged 1 month to 2 years receiving the vaccine were included in the study. The study group was exposed to audio-visual clip while the control group received the vaccine as per routine vaccination protocol. The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability Scale score was used to assess the behavioural reactions to pain which assesses five behavioural areas. The study protocol was approved by the Institute Ethics Committee (Reference number: BJGMC/IEC/1122238-238). Results: The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Controllability Scale score were studied among two groups, it was observed that the pain score and every component of the score had a statistically significant lower mean score in audio-visual group as compared to the control group. Mean pain score in the audio-visual group was 6.31±0.79 as compared to 9.57±0.65 in the control group with the p value of 0.001. Conclusions: A lower pain score in response to vaccination with an audio-visual distraction indicates that it can be regularly used to reduce pain during the vaccination procedure and can be used during different painful procedures.
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Registered trials
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