ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Hypocalcemia is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with diabetes and COVID-19.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Admission Electrolyte Abnormalities and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Disruption of neutrophil homeostasis is associated with functional alterations in mitochondria of critically ill COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Occupation is a significant independent predictor of hypocalcemia among diabetic patients in Jinja, Uganda.PloS one · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Patients with diabetes and COVID-19 have a worse prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypocalcemia in patients with diabetes and COVID-19, and assess the relationship between serum calcium levels and prognosis in these patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 919 patients with diabetes admitted for COVID-19 from February 2022 to May 2022. The population was categorized into three groups according to serum calcium levels. The primary outcome was the risk of developing severe COVID-19, and the secondary outcomes included the risk of requiring advanced respiratory support (including high-flow oxygen, non-invasive ventilation, and invasive ventilation). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between hypocalcemia and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Result: Among the 919 patients with diabetes, the median age was 70 (56-81) years, and 498 (54.2%) were male. The prevalence of hypocalcemia in COVID-19 patients with diabetes was 78.8%. The serum calcium level was negatively correlated with inflammatory markers (hsCRP, ESR, PCT, IFN). The serum calcium level was positively correlated with albumin, CD4+ T cell counts, and CD8+ T cell counts. In Multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age and gender, the higher risk of severe illness was observed in patients with a serum calcium level <1.94 mmol/L (OR 2.86, 95%CI [1.78-4.59], P<0.001). Conclusion: Admission serum calcium level is associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Hypocalcemia increases the risk of progression to severe COVID-19 in patients with diabetes.
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