Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40655220›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Epidemiological characteristics and spatial clustering analysis of human brucellosis in Zibo City, Shandong Province, China, 2006-2024.

Rongtao Zhao, Ruixuan Sun, Feng Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Rongtao ZhaoZibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong, China.
Ruixuan SunZibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong, China.
Feng ZhangZibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The significant rise in human brucellosis incidence is a serious public health issue in Zibo City. However, its temporal and spatial distribution has not been thoroughly investigated. Objective: This study aims to describe the demographic, temporal, and spatial distribution patterns and clustering characteristics of human brucellosis cases in Zibo City from 2006 to 2024, in order to develop and implement effective scientific prevention and control strategies. Methods: Case data were obtained from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The epidemiological characteristics and spatial aggregation of human brucellosis were analyzed using descriptive analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The incidence of brucellosis in 2025 was predicted using an ARIMA model. Results: Data on human brucellosis cases in Zibo City from 2006 to 2024 were obtained from the national infectious disease reporting information management system. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and temporal-spatial scan statistics were used to identify potential changes in the temporal-spatial distribution of human brucellosis in Zibo City. From 2006 to 2021, a total of 2,176 brucellosis cases were reported in Zibo City, with an average annual incidence rate of 2.50 per 100,000. Middle-aged and older adult populations (aged 35-74 years) were the primary affected groups, accounting for 86.76% (1,888/2,176) of all reported cases. The incidence of brucellosis in Zibo City showed a long-term upward trend and exhibited significant seasonal variations, with peaks occurring between March and September each year. From 2006 to 2024, the incidence gradually expanded from the northern and central regions to the southern regions. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a positive correlation in brucellosis incidence between 2009 and 2012-2024. Spatiotemporal cluster analysis identified a primary cluster in the high-incidence areas of northern Zibo City, with four secondary clusters appearing in areas where brucellosis outbreaks had previously occurred. According to ARIMA model predictions, the monthly incidence rate of brucellosis in Zibo City has declined steadily from 0.75/100,000 in 2010 to near-zero levels by 2020 and is projected to remain extremely low through 2025. Conclusion: Human brucellosis remains a serious public health concern in Zibo City. Special monitoring and control plans and measures may be required for the high-incidence areas in northern Zibo. Additionally, epidemic response capabilities should be enhanced in high-incidence areas to prevent further increases in brucellosis incidence.

Indexed as

BrucellosisAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolChinaCluster AnalysisFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedSpatial AnalysisSpatio-Temporal AnalysisYoung Adultepidemiological characteristicsglobal spatial autocorrelationhuman brucellosisseasonalspatial clustering analysistemporal-spatial aggregation

Identifiers

PMID40655220
PMCPMC12245763

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.