ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with Circadian Syndrome: evidence from NHANES.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The relationship between phthalate exposure and circadian rhythm disruption lacks epidemiological evidence. This study investigated the association between exposure to ten phthalates (PAEs) and Circadian Syndrome (CircS) among American adults. Methods: Data from the 2013-2018 United States National Health and Nutritional Health Surveys ( Results: The prevalence of CircS in the study population was 45.14%. Participants in the fourth quartile of exposure to MECP phthalate (OR = 1.632, 95% CI: 1.159-2.300), MEHP phthalate (OR = 1.830, 95% CI: 1.301-2.573), mono-benzyl phthalate (OR = 1.699, 95% CI: 1.156-2.496), and MEOH phthalate (OR = 1.560, 95% CI: 1.065-2.279) had an increased risk of CircS compared to those in the first quartile of exposure. RCS analysis indicated a linear positive association between exposure to MECP, MEHP, and mono-benzyl phthalate and CircS risk. BKMR and quantile g-computation analyses demonstrated that combined phthalate exposure was positively associated with CircS. Conclusion: Individual and mixed exposures to certain phthalates may increase the risk of CircS, providing evidence for prevention strategies targeting endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
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