ArticleJMIR formative research2025
Bringing Executive Function Testing Online: Assessment Validation Study.
Article in JMIR formative research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04149457 (Improving Neurological Health in Aging Via Neuroplasticity-based Computerized Exercise), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Improving Neurological Health in Aging Via Neuroplasticity-based Computerized Exercise (INHANCE)
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Construct Validation of a Remote Brain Health Assessment Battery to Evaluate Vocational Aptitude and Factors Associated With Cognitive Resilience in the Military: Observational Trial.JMIR formative research · 2026Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Executive function encompasses a set of higher-order cognitive processes, including planning, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control, that are essential for goal-directed behavior. These abilities are adversely affected by age, with executive dysfunction ultimately impairing the performance of activities of daily living. Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity of a computerized cognitive assessment in predicting executive function performance in healthy older adults. Methods: This retrospective analysis utilized baseline data from the Improving Neurological Health in Aging via Neuroplasticity-Based Computerized Exercise (INHANCE) trial. The study provides normative data for cognitively healthy older adults (aged 65 years and above) and evaluates the usability and validity of Freeze Frame, a cognitive assessment available on the BrainHQ platform. Performance on Freeze Frame was analyzed in relation to self-reported demographic variables and neuropsychological function, using a standardized measure of executive function, the National Institutes of Health Executive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research (NIH EXAMINER). Results: The intent-to-treat analysis included 92 cognitively healthy older adults (mean age 71.9, SD 4.86, range: 65-83 years), of whom 66% (61/92) were female, with a mean education level of 16.45 (SD 3.40, range: 9-27) years. Performance on Freeze Frame was modestly associated with executive function scores on NIH EXAMINER (P=.02), accounting for 6.8% of the variance. The assessment showed a small but statistically significant relationship to age (ρ=-0.22, P=.046) and gender, with no significant influence of education. Psychometric evaluation supported its usability, with an average completion time of 4 (SD 0.16) minutes. Conclusions: Freeze Frame is a brief, scalable, and accessible computerized cognitive assessment with demonstrated concurrent validity for executive function. Its efficiency and ease of administration across internet-connected devices suggests potential applications for cognitive screening. Future research should explore its utility in detecting executive dysfunction in clinical populations and its potential role in predicting functional performance across activities of daily living.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.