Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40653756›Full record

ArticleJournal of applied clinical medical physics2025

A novel SGRT system for real-time optical surface tracking or guidance.

Xinmin Liu, Daniel Alexander, Daniel Kayser, Thomas Speck, Rodney D Wiersma

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of applied clinical medical physics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. A novel SGRT system for real-time optical surface tracking or guidance.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xinmin LiuDepartment of Radiation Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Daniel AlexanderDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Daniel KayserLAP GmbH Laser Applikationen, Lüneburg, Germany.
Thomas SpeckLAP GmbH Laser Applikationen, Lüneburg, Germany.
Rodney D WiersmaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7279-5813

Funding

Translational Studies in FLASH Particle RadiotherapyP01CA257904 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Mary E. Putt · 2022 to 2026
$14.2M
Development of a portable and compact robotic system for frameless and maskless stereotactic radiosurgeryR01CA227124 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI WIERSMA, RODNEY · 2019 to 2023
$1.6M
NCI NIH HHS P01CA257904NCI NIH HHS R01CA227124
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeOptical 3D surface imaging is a technique that reconstructs a patient's surface without requiring external markers. This study aimed to evaluate the static and dynamic accuracy, as well as performance under varying conditions, including changes in skin surface color, ambient room lighting, and the size of the tracked region of interest (ROI), for a novel surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) system (LUNA 3D).

methodsThe LUNA 3D consisted of three ceiling mounted camera pods, with each pod equipped with a pattern projector and two camera units. Blue 465 nm light projection, combined with narrow bandpass filters and advanced triggering, were used to improve tracking accuracy to surface color and ambient room light variations. GPU processing enabled surface acquisition at high speeds. To investigate static and dynamic accuracy, a 6-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) robot stage was used to move head phantoms to known positions in 6D space. A 6D infrared (IR) tracking camera was employed as a secondary verification tool.

resultsWhen tracking a static head phantom with a clinically relevant ROI, the LUNA 3D demonstrated a translational noise root-mean-sqaured-error (RMSE) of approximately 0.04 mm LAT, 0.06 mm LNG, and 0.04 mm VRT and a rotational noise RMSE of 0.04

conclusionThe LUNA 3D demonstrated high sub-millimeter and sub-degree tracking accuracy, comparable to or better than that of an IR tracking camera, while exhibiting minimal sensitivity to surface color and ambient lighting conditions. Additionally, it maintained stable and consistent frame rate tracking regardless of the tracked ROI size.

Indexed as

Image Processing, Computer-AssistedImaging, Three-DimensionalOptical ImagingPhantoms, ImagingRadiotherapy, Image-GuidedRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-AssistedAlgorithmsHumansRadiotherapy DosageRadiotherapy, Intensity-ModulatedrobustnessSGRTsurface trackingtracking

Identifiers

PMID40653756
PMCPMC12256682

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.