Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40653486›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2025

Are Babesia vogeli genotypes associated with Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus linnaei distribution?

Vinícius Baggio-Souza, Laura Berger, Rafaela Mallmann-Bohn, Adeyldes Oliveira Reis, Lay Greco Basilio, Yasmin Santanna Pereira, Luiza Tirelli, Renata Fagundes-Moreira, João Vitor Dos Santos Alves da Silva, Lorena Freitas das Neves and 14 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Parasites & vectors, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Vinícius Baggio-SouzaLaboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsioses - ProtozooVet, Faculty of Veterinary - FAVET, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Laura BergerLaboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsioses - ProtozooVet, Faculty of Veterinary - FAVET, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Rafaela Mallmann-BohnLaboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsioses - ProtozooVet, Faculty of Veterinary - FAVET, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Adeyldes Oliveira ReisLaboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsioses - ProtozooVet, Faculty of Veterinary - FAVET, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Lay Greco BasilioLaboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsioses - ProtozooVet, Faculty of Veterinary - FAVET, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Yasmin Santanna PereiraLaboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsioses - ProtozooVet, Faculty of Veterinary - FAVET, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Luiza TirelliLaboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsioses - ProtozooVet, Faculty of Veterinary - FAVET, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Renata Fagundes-MoreiraDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
João Vitor Dos Santos Alves da SilvaVector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
Lorena Freitas das NevesVector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
Ludmila Rodrigues MorozDepartment of Pathology and Clinics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Huarrisson Azevedo SantosDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Maria E Marecos EspinozaDepartment of Veterinary Clinics, National University of Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay.
Cíntia DaudtVirology and Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Program, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil.
Fabio GregoriSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Aline Giroto-SoaresLaboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsioses - ProtozooVet, Faculty of Veterinary - FAVET, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Flávio Roberto Chaves da SilvaVirology and Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Program, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil.
João Luis GarciaDepartment of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Daniel Moura de AguiarVirology and Rickettsioses Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Maristela Peckle PeixotoDepartment of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
José Manuel VenzalVector and Transmitted Diseases Laboratory, CENUR Litoral Norte - Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Salto, Uruguay.
Filipe Dantas-TorresAggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. filipe.torres@fiocruz.br.
Marcos Rogério AndréVector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
João Fabio SoaresLaboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsioses - ProtozooVet, Faculty of Veterinary - FAVET, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. joao.soares@ufrgs.br.

Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 303701/2021-8Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 308112/2025-3Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior finance code 001Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro E-26/200.234/2023Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2020/12037-0Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul 24/2551-0001157-9ONG Panthera and Eletrobras Furnas IBAMA ABIO 92/2021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn South America, Babesia vogeli is the primary causative agent of canine babesiosis, and brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) are the vectors. The recent separation of brown dog ticks into Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto ("temperate lineage") and Rhipicephalus linnaei ("tropical lineage") raised suspicions of the possibility of two distinct Babesia genotypes or even species being transmitted by these tick species.

methodsTo investigate this hypothesis, dog blood samples from Brazil (eight states), Paraguay, and Uruguay were collected to determine the genetic diversity of B. vogeli in South America. The samples were collected from temperate regions (southern Brazil and Uruguay), where the putative vector is R. sanguineus, and from the tropical areas (southeastern, midwestern, northeastern, and northern Brazil and Paraguay), where R. linnaei is the vector. DNA samples from B. vogeli-positive dogs were extracted to amplify the 18S ribosomal RNA, internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, heat shock protein 70, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, cytochrome oxidase c subunit 3, and cytochrome b genes. The sequences obtained were aligned with available B. vogeli sequences in GenBank and other homologous sequences to construct phylogenetic trees, haplotype networks, and matrices.

resultsOur haplotypic and phylogenetic analyses congruently indicated the existence of one genotype in temperate areas and another in tropical areas, where R. sanguineus and R. linnaei act as vectors, respectively. While the percentage of similarity varied among the evaluated genetic markers, the results indicated a clear differentiation between the B. vogeli genotypes associated with temperate and tropical regions.

conclusionsOur data indicate the existence of two B. vogeli genotypes in South America, associated with temperate and tropical areas. This contributes to a better understanding of B. vogeli's genetic diversity and opens new avenues for researching the ecology and coevolution of B. vogeli genotypes and their tick vectors. Owing to their correlation with the climatic region and the historical nomenclature of their vectors, we suggest the nomenclature of "temperate" and "tropical" B. vogeli genotypes.

Indexed as

BabesiaBabesiosisDog DiseasesGenotypeRhipicephalusRhipicephalus sanguineusAnimalsArachnid VectorsBrazilDNA, ProtozoanDogsGenetic VariationParaguayPhylogenyRNA, Ribosomal, 18SUruguayDNA, ProtozoanRNA, Ribosomal, 18SBrown dog ticksCanine babesiosisTick-borne diseases

Identifiers

PMID40653486
PMCPMC12257672

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.