Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40653454›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2025

Early-life snack and drink consumption patterns among children: findings from a U.S. birth cohort study.

Samantha Manning, Ahmed Alkadi, Ying Meng, Hongzhe Xu, Tong Tong Wu, Jin Xiao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Samantha ManningDepartment of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, 14642, USA.
Ahmed AlkadiEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, 625 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, 14620, USA.
Ying MengSchool of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Hongzhe XuDepartment of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, 14642, USA.
Tong Tong WuDepartment of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, 14642, USA. tongtong_wu@urmc.rochester.edu.
Jin XiaoEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, 625 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, 14620, USA. jin_xiao@urmc.rochester.edu.

Funding

Understand biological factors underlying early childhood caries disparity from the oral microbiome in early infancyR01DE031025 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI STEVEN R. GILL, Tongtong Wu · 2022 to 2026
$3.9M
Association between Oral Candida albicans and the Onset of Severe Early Childhood CariesK23DE027412 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI XIAO, JIN · 2018 to 2022
$748k
NIDCR NIH HHS K23 DE027412NIDCR NIH HHS K23DE027412NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE031025NIH HHS R01DE031025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDietary habits during early childhood significantly influence long-term health outcomes, particularly oral health. This study examines snack and drink consumption patterns among underserved U.S. children and their association with early childhood caries (ECC).

methodsA birth cohort of 127 children, aged 1-2 years, from two university-affiliated clinics in Upstate New York was enrolled. Participants were Medicaid-eligible, and dietary data were collected through structured questionnaires at 12, 18, and 24 months. Snacks and drinks were categorized based on cariogenic potential. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify consumption patterns of snacks and drinks. The associations between the consumption pattern and ECC were assessed using multinomial regression models.

resultsThree distinct snacks and drinks consumption patterns were identified: medium sweet + medium non-sweet, low sweet + high non-sweet, and high sweet + medium non-sweet. The study revealed dynamic changes in dietary patterns over time, with some children transitioning between healthier and less healthy clusters. Despite these distinct dietary behaviors, no significant association was found between any specific consumption pattern and the onset of ECC.

conclusionsDespite identifying distinct snack and drink consumption patterns among young children from underserved communities, no significant association was observed between these patterns and the onset of ECC, highlighting the multifactorial nature of ECC.

Indexed as

BeveragesDental CariesFeeding BehaviorSnacksBirth CohortChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesFemaleHumansInfantMaleNew YorkUnited StatesDietary patternsEarly childhood cariesLatent class analysisOral healthSnack consumptionUnderserved populations

Identifiers

PMID40653454
PMCPMC12257746

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.