SynthesisJournal of public health (Oxford, England)2025
A systematic review and meta-analysis of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and vitamin D status worldwide.
Synthesis in Journal of public health (Oxford, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Ataxia-Telangiectasia: A Systematic Review and Single Arm Meta-Analysis.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Association of CYP2R1 gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Jordanian population.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Harnessing natural sunlight indoors: sensor-regulated therapeutic approach to enhance vitamin D status in humans.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Biochemical osteomalacia during pregnancy or lactation: an observational study in Sweden.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Botulinum Toxin Effects and Its Association with Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The Role of Vitamins and Micronutrients in the Prevention of Melanoma: A Review of Current Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Association between vitamin D deficiency and incident varicose veins: a propensity score-matched cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Intervention methods and influencing factors of vitamin D deficiency in Northeast China: a self-controlled trial and randomized controlled trial study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- A decade-long assessment reveals persistent vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors in early-pregnant women from northern China (2016-2025).Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in a mixed-age hospital-based cohort.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Vitamin DMolecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- The Conundrum of Medical Fracture Prevention in Chronic Kidney Disease-Summary of the Evidence and Pragmatic Clinical Guidance.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Aeronutrient Therapy: A New Frontier in Systemic Drug Delivery.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Vitamin D Supplementation in the Czech Republic: Socioeconomic Determinants and Public Awareness Gaps.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association between serum vitamin D deficiency and visceral fat indices in adolescents: The Ewha Birth and growth cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Micronutrient bioavailability: concepts, influencing factors, and strategies for improvement.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVitamin D deficiency is a public health concern; however, data on its global prevalence are limited. We reported pooled mean circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and estimated the prevalence of concentration according to commonly reported thresholds for general, healthy populations worldwide.
methodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus and grey literature sites. We included cross-sectional and cohort studies published since 2011 that reported circulating 25(OH)D concentration in general, healthy populations of all ages. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we pooled data on circulating 25(OH)D concentration and prevalence estimates according to thresholds by continent, country, latitude, sex, adults/children, season, assay, and study quality. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021242466.
resultsEligible publications (n = 586) included 2 370 136 eligible participants across 102 countries. The pooled mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) overall circulating 25(OH)D concentration was 53.9 (52.6-55.1) nmol/L (529 publications; 1 412 281 participants). The pooled prevalence of concentration < 30, < 50, and < 75 nmol/L was 18, 47, and 75%, respectively (403 studies; 1 508 830 participants).
conclusionsLow vitamin D status is prevalent across general, healthy populations worldwide. Governments, health organizations and policy makers could use these findings to identify regions in need of public health strategies for improving vitamin D status.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.