Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40652131›Full record

Observational studyEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2025

Oropharyngeal candidiasis during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: an observational study on prevalence, pain, and risk factors.

Ryusuke Shodo, Yushi Ueki, Kouji Katsura, Takeshi Takahashi, Jo Omata, Yusuke Yokoyama, Marie Soga, Keiko Tanaka, Taichi Kobayashi, Shusuke Ohshima and 1 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ryusuke ShodoDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan. ryusuke.s.0415@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-808X
Yushi UekiDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
Kouji KatsuraDivision of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
Takeshi TakahashiDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
Jo OmataDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
Yusuke YokoyamaDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
Marie SogaDivision of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
Keiko TanakaPatient Support Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
Taichi KobayashiDivision of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
Shusuke OhshimaDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
Arata HoriiDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and its pain associations during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC).

methodsThis retrospective observational study included 65 patients undergoing radiotherapy for HNC. OPC was assessed during the early and late phases of radiotherapy by visual inspection and/or oral culture. Pain was quantitatively assessed using the maximum opioid dose (oral morphine equivalent dose [MED]). The MEDs of the patients with and without OPC were compared. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors of OPC.

resultsOPC was confirmed in 38 of 65 patients (58%) during radiotherapy. Visual inspection indicated OPC in only 9 of 65 patients (14%), with a low diagnostic rate of 24% (9/38). The median MED was significantly higher for the OPC (82.5 mg) than for the non-OPC (60.0 mg) group (P = 0.027). Multivariate analysis identified BMI < 22 (OR, 5.14 [95% CI 1.48-17.8]; P = 0.010) and mucositis grade ≥ 3 (OR, 5.17 [95% CI 1.60-6.7]; P = 0.006) as independent risk factors for OPC.

conclusionThe prevalence of OPC during radiotherapy was 58%, and its rate of detection via visual inspection alone was low. Significant pain requiring high MED was accompanied by OPC. Therefore, early diagnosis by oral culture and appropriate intervention is crucial for patients with suspected OPC, such as those with low BMI and mucositis grade ≥ 3, to complete planned radiotherapy and maintain their quality of life.

Indexed as

Candidiasis, OralHead and Neck NeoplasmsPainAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPain MeasurementPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsHead and neck cancerMucositisOropharyngeal candidiasisPainRadiotherapy

Identifiers

PMID40652131

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.