Effects of variable heat rise/fall on MHD Maxwell ternary nanofluid (Copper-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide/Water) flow over a moving needle.

The current study explores the impact of variable heat rise/fall on the heat and mass transfer through Maxwell Ternary Nanofluid based on Copper-Alumina-Titanium Dioxide/Water. Electrically conducting non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid flowing on a moving thin needle embedded in porous media is considered. Effects of chemical reaction parameters along with the applied magnetic field in the normal direction of the flow of fluid are incorporated. The proposed mechanism in the form of differential equations is solved using the MATLAB bvp4c solver. This study can be utilized in energy systems like nuclear and chemical reactors, where managing high heat fluxes in porous environments is essential. The unique behavior of ternary nanofluids under magnetic fields improves cooling efficiency and system stability. The computed results show that the increase in the Maxwell fluid parameter causes a reduction in the velocity field and an augmentation of temperature and mass concentration. This is due to an increase in thermal relaxation time, which takes time for the adjustment of the fluid. It is concluded that an increase in the Lorentz force due to a rising magnetic field parameter results in a temperature increase and a decrease in the fluid's velocity. The variable heat rise and fall parameter leads to an increase in the fluid's temperature. An increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction results in elevated temperature and concentration distributions. Moreover, the Nusselt number increases with higher Prandtl numbers, while the Sherwood number decreases as the chemical reaction parameter grows. The main outcome of this current study for the case of the ternary nanofluid is that the overall thermal performance of the fluid is improved, which serves the purpose of the proposed study.