Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40651630›Full record

ReviewJournal of advanced research2026

Insomnia: the gut microbiome connection, prospects for probiotic and postbiotic therapies, and future directions.

Qiong Wu, Guangqi Gao, Lai-Yu Kwok, Huimin Lv, Zhihong Sun

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of advanced research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Total dairy consumption is associated with healthy sleep patterns in U.S. adults.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026
    Article
  6. Evolving PCOS Management: From Symptom Control to Phenotype-Targeted Therapy.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Qiong WuKey Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Guangqi GaoKey Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Collaborative Innovative Center for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Lai-Yu KwokKey Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Huimin LvKey Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Zhihong SunKey Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Collaborative Innovative Center for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China. Electronic address: sunzhihong78@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe gut microbiota is influenced by a complex interplay of factors including the host's genetics, diet, and lifestyle. It plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic processes and is linked to various diseases. Growing evidence suggests that the gut-brain axis, which involves bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain, plays a crucial role in regulating sleep patterns and has significant implications in the development of sleep disorders. AIM OF REVIEW: This comprehensive review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying insomnia and its association with the gut microbiota and metabolome. Probiotics and postbiotics are beneficial microorganisms and their components and metabolites, which offer potential in modulating the gut microbiota of the host and alleviating insomnia. We present an overview of recent progress in probiotic and postbiotic intervention trials for managing insomnia, highlighting both the potential benefits and limitations of existing research in this domain. Additionally, we offer suggestions for future directions in this field. Probiotics can regulate sleep-wake behavior by modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites, influencing endocrine, neuronal, and immune responses. In addition, to understand the role of probiotics in improving insomnia, a standardized sleep behavior index and sleep monitoring method are needed.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeProbioticsSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersHumansSleepGut metabolomeGut microbiotaInsomniaIntervention trialsPostbioticsProbiotics

Identifiers

PMID40651630
PMCPMC13000951

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.