ArticleBiosensors & bioelectronics2025
Molecularly targeted photoacoustic endoscopy with fiber-scanning side-view probe for in vivo staging of early mucosal tumors.
Article in Biosensors & bioelectronics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- From lab design to clinical translation: photoacoustic endoscopy.Photoacoustics · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Accurate in vivo staging of early gastrointestinal (GI) cancers is critical for selecting between local and systemic therapy. We present a molecularly targeted photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) system that combines a compact, fiber-scanning side-view probe with a HER2-targeted near-infrared (NIR) contrast agent (KSP∗-IRDye800) to assess mucosal and submucosal tumor invasion in vivo. The 4.2 mm diameter probe uses a piezoelectric (PZT) bender to steer a laser beam laterally (±16°) and achieve high-resolution imaging. The system provides 363 μm lateral and 119 μm axial resolution at a depth of 3.1 mm and supports 3D volumetric image acquisition via rotational scanning and linear pullback. In vivo imaging was performed in CPC;Apc mice that spontaneously develop colonic adenomas. The targeted contrast agent demonstrated a significantly higher peak target-to-background (T/B) ratio (3.0 ± 0.3, RSD = 10 %) than indocyanine green (ICG, 1.37 ± 0.1), with peak uptake at 1.5 h post-injection. Adenoma dimensions measured by PAE correlated strongly with histology (ρ = 0.97 for width, ρ = 0.90 for depth), and 3D reconstructions accurately delineated tumor margins. Ex vivo validation confirmed imaging performance and molecular specificity. This work demonstrates the feasibility of targeted PAE for high-resolution, minimally invasive staging of early GI tumors. The system's resolution and depth performance are sufficient to distinguish between T1
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