Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40650791›Full record

ArticleCardiovascular toxicology2025

Caffeine Intake Attenuates the Association of Cadmium Exposure with Cardiovascular Disease: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2016.

Shuaijie Chen, Hailin Zhang, Qiong Su, Xiaoyan Lin, Kai Kang, Zhongxing Zhou, Lishan Zeng, Yifei Lin, Hongzhuang Wang, Feng Peng and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Cardiovascular toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Shuaijie Chen *Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Hailin Zhang *Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Qiong Su *Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Xiaoyan LinUltrasonography Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Kai KangCardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Zhongxing ZhouCardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Lishan ZengCardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Yifei LinCardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Hongzhuang WangCardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Feng PengCardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Jinxiu LinCardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Dajun ChaiCardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, 350005, China. dajunchai-fy@fjmu.edu.cn.

Funding

the Major Scientific Research Program for Young and Middle-aged Health Professionals of Fujian Province, China No. 2021ZQNZD005the University-Industry Research Cooperation Project of Science and Technology, Fujian Province No. 2020Y4016
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCadmium exposure has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moderate caffeine intake may reduce the risk of CVD. Whether caffeine intake attenuates the association of cadmium exposure with CVD remains unknown.

methodsThe study used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2016. Cadmium exposure was estimated by urinary cadmium after adjusting for urinary creatinine (UCd/Cr, μg/g). Caffeine intake was determined using the average of two 24-h dietary recalls. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association of cadmium exposure with CVD and to evaluate the multiplicative interaction between caffeine intake and cadmium exposure.

resultsA total of 7,094 adults aged 20 or older were included in the study, of whom 827 had CVD. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of participants in the highest quartile was 2.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.34-3.28) for CVD compared to participants in the lowest UCd/Cr quartile. The OR of ln-UCd/Cr as a continuous variable was 1.46 (95% confidence interval: 1.23-1.73). Moreover, a significant interaction between caffeine intake and cadmium exposure on CVD was observed (P for interaction = 0.004). The relatively lowest ORs of cadmium exposure with CVD were observed in participants with low or moderate caffeine intake (caffeine intake quartile 2 and quartile 3) in almost all subgroups.

conclusionsHigher cadmium exposure was associated with increased CVD risk in US adults. Low-to-moderate caffeine intake tends to attenuate this association. Further studies are needed to confirm causality and underlying mechanisms.

Indexed as

CadmiumCaffeineCardiovascular DiseasesEnvironmental PollutantsAdultAgedBiomarkersCardiotoxicityCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysProtective FactorsBiomarkersCadmiumCaffeineEnvironmental PollutantsCadmium exposureCaffeine intakeCardiovascular diseaseNHANESUrinary cadmium

Identifiers

PMID40650791

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.