Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40650565›Full record

ReviewBJU international2025

Sentinel lymph node staging in urological cancer surgery: advances in imaging, intra-operative detection and translational research.

Erik J van Gennep, Gijs H KleinJan, Teele Kuusk, Rick W A Verdijk, Esther M K Wit, Bas W G van Rhijn, Axel Bex, Laura S Mertens

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BJU international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Nuclear medicine in the operating room: present and future.The British journal of radiology · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Erik J van GennepDepartment of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Gijs H KleinJanDepartment of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-9717-2452
Teele KuuskHomerton University Hospital London to now Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4643-4878
Rick W A VerdijkDepartment of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Esther M K WitDepartment of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Bas W G van RhijnDepartment of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Axel BexDepartment of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Laura S MertensDepartment of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo review the clinical utility, outcome and possible future applications of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in penile cancer (PeC), bladder cancer (BCa), prostate cancer (PCa), testicular cancer (TCa) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), focusing in particular on current SLNB standards and exploring advancements in imaging agents, intra-operative detection, surgical navigation, and the potential application of SLNB in translational and clinical research.

methodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE for studies published between 2000 and 2024, providing a narrative review of SLNB in oncological urology.

resultsIn PeC, SLNB offers a lower adverse event rate compared to inguinal lymph node (LN) dissection, while maintaining high detection rates and acceptable sensitivity (92%-96%) for identifying inguinal LN metastases. Similarly, in PCa, SLNB achieves a sensitivity of 95%, potentially reinforcing its role in nodal staging and guiding personalised treatment strategies. For RCC, BCa and TCa, SLNB is currently under investigation in trials. In RCC, detection rates seem acceptable; however, in BCa and TCa, detection rates and false-negative rates vary, limiting its clinical usefulness. Contemporary approaches utilise various radiotracers, (fluorescent) dyes, and hybrid tracers for SLNB. Ongoing research refines tumour-targeted LN detection, including prostate-specific membrane antigen targeting in PCa, potential c-MET targeting in PeC, and

conclusionThe use of SLNB has transformed nodal staging in PeC, influencing treatment decisions and reducing morbidity in patients undergoing surgery. In other urological malignancies, it has not yet established itself as a standard tool for nodal staging. Its impact on survival, quality of life, and translational research remains to be determined.

Indexed as

Sentinel Lymph NodeSentinel Lymph Node BiopsyUrologic NeoplasmsHumansLymphatic MetastasisMaleNeoplasm StagingPenile NeoplasmsTranslational Research, Biomedicalgenitourinary cancerimage‐guided surgerykidney cancerlymphatic metastasisnear‐infrared fluorescence imagingpenile cancerprostatic cancersentinel lymph node biopsysentinel nodeurinary bladder cancer

Identifiers

PMID40650565
PMCPMC12606546

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.