Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40650546›Full record

Observational studyJournal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI2025

Motion-Insensitive Flip Angle Modulated Liver Proton Density Fat-Fraction and R2* Mapping During Free-Breathing MRI in a Clinical Setting.

Julius F Heidenreich, Jiayi Tang, Daiki Tamada, Lukas Müller, Jan-Peter Grunz, Raphael do Vale Souza, Alexandra Anagnostopoulos, Ali Pirasteh, Scott B Reeder, Diego Hernando

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Optimized motion-insensitive PDFF mapping of the liver.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Julius F HeidenreichDepartment of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0683-7982
Jiayi TangDepartment of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8565-6575
Daiki TamadaDepartment of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3615-459X
Lukas MüllerDepartment of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Jan-Peter GrunzDepartment of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4524-1620
Raphael do Vale SouzaDepartment of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Alexandra AnagnostopoulosDepartment of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Ali PirastehDepartment of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0797-4636
Scott B ReederDepartment of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4728-8171
Diego HernandoDepartment of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-0317

Funding

Fully Automated High-Throughput Quantitative MRI of the LiverR01EB031886 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI HERNANDO, DIEGO, REEDER, SCOTT B. · 2022 to 2025
$2.4M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB031886NIH HHS R01EB031886
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBreath-held quantitative three-dimensional chemical-shift-encoded (3D-CSE)-MRI is widely used for liver fat and iron quantification but is limited in patients unable to hold breath. Motion-insensitive two-dimensional flip angle modulated (2D-FAM) acquisitions with short temporal aperture may address this limitation. PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of 2D-FAM-based CSE-MRI during free-breathing for quantifying proton density fat-fraction (PDFF) and R2*-based liver iron concentration (LIC). STUDY TYPE: Retrospective single-center observational analysis. POPULATION: 230 patients (110 women [47.8%], mean age 51 ± 16 years [standard deviation, SD], range 4-85), undergoing routine clinical care between January and August 2024. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 1.5-T and 3.0-T, comparison of 2D-FAM-CSE-MRI under free-breathing and breath-held 3D-CSE-MRI. ASSESSMENT: Three radiologists evaluated image quality, apparent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and motion artifacts on a 5-point scale. PDFF and R2*-based LIC were measured in each liver segment from each acquisition. Agreement of PDFF and LIC between techniques was assessed, comparing body mass index (BMI) groups (< 30 and ≥ 30 kg/m STATISTICAL TESTS: Inter-rater reliability with intra-class coefficient (ICC). Bias and limits of agreement (LoA) using Bland-Altman analysis. Linear regression assessed correlations of PDFF and LIC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) to assess diagnostic performance. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.01 for patient characteristics).

results2D-FAM demonstrated superior image quality (median rating 4 vs. 3) and fewer motion artifacts (median rating 4 vs. 3) than 3D-CSE-MRI in PDFF and R2* maps. Inter-rater reliability was good to excellent (ICC 0.77-0.92). PDFF agreement was excellent (bias: +0.32%, LoA [-1.37,2.00] for BMI < 30 kg/m DATA

conclusion2D-FAM CSE-MRI enables motion-insensitive liver fat and iron quantification that can be performed during free-breathing. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Indexed as

LiverMagnetic Resonance ImagingAdipose TissueAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overArtifactsChildFemaleHumansImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedImage Processing, Computer-AssistedImaging, Three-DimensionalIronMaleIronProtonsCSE‐MRIflip angle modulationliverPDFFquantificationR2*

Identifiers

PMID40650546
PMCPMC12456944

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.