SynthesisThe clinical respiratory journal2025
Comprehensive Analysis of Lung Cancer Metastasis: Sites, Rates, Survival, and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in The clinical respiratory journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Associations of three immune inflammatory markers with the risk of brain metastasis from lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- [Research Advances on the Autophagy and Ferroptosis in the Development and Treatment of Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Comprehensive Analysis of Lung Cancer Metastasis: Sites, Rates, Survival, and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Brain Metastasis at Initial Diagnosis in Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Model Development and SHAP Interpretation Study.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- TikTok, Xiaohongshu, and Bilibili as sources of medical information on lung cancer: a multi-platform content evaluation.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Serum Metabolomics Study Reveals a Diagnostic Model for Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis.The clinical respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Identification of Genes and Construction of Prognostic Model of Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Propionate Metabolism-Related Genes.World journal of oncology · 2026Article
- Evaluating Tumor Burden as a Predictive Biomarker for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeted Kinase Inhibitor Therapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.JCO precision oncology · 2026Article
- The pre-metastatic niche: mechanisms, heterogeneity, and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a machine-learning-based triage model incorporating systemic inflammatory, nutritional, coagulation, and tumor marker parameters for identifying baseline distant metastasis in lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Association between radiotherapy timing and intracranial outcomes in EGFR-mutant NSCLC with brain metastases treated with EGFR-TKIs.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Development and application of a prognostic model based on radiomics and artificial intelligence for patients with lung adenocarcinoma brain metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Metastatic organ distribution characteristics and prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Brain Metastasis After Curative Resection of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2026Review
- Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy followed by anlotinib maintenance therapy in a patient with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer and intracranial recurrence after palliative whole-brain radiotherapy: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- LASSO-based nomograms predict early death in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with brain metastasis.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Overall survival and progression-free survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and either limited or extensive synchronous metastatic spread in Germany-a population-based cancer registry cohort study.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesLung cancer metastasis constitutes a critical aspect of disease progression and patient outcomes. It is imperative to illuminate the complex landscape of lung cancer metastasis, offering a thorough evaluation of sites, rates, risk factors, and survival implications.
methodsStudies on the prevalence of lung cancer metastasis, the risk factors, the overall survival (OS) after metastasis, or the risk factors for OS were included. Two independent reviewers used a standardized data extraction and quality assessment form. Hazard ratios and confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effects models.
resultsThis systematic meta-analysis included 115 clinical trials. Prevalent metastatic sites in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) encompassed brain (29%), bone (25%), adrenal gland (15%), liver (13%), and skin (3%). However, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) primarily metastasized to liver (33%), brain (30%), bone (27%), adrenal gland (10%), and pericardium (3%). The risk factors for brain metastases in NSCLC included lung adenocarcinoma, EGFR mutations, and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI); in SCLC brain metastasis, age and PCI were influential. The median OS after brain metastasis in NSCLC and SCLC was 21.3 and 10.5 months, respectively, while liver or bone metastases were notably linked to poorer survival. The factors influencing OS in NSCLC brain metastasis included age, EGFR mutations, and stereotactic radiosurgery. For SCLC brain metastasis, OS was notably impacted by gender, smoking status, the number of brain metastases, and radiotherapy.
conclusionThis study provided insights into lung cancer metastasis. The results revealed the metastatic rates, risk factors, and OS to assist clinical decision-making.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.