ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
HCAR3 and Kynurenic Acid in Cancer: A Promising Axis of Immunometabolic Regulation or a Scientific Mirage?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Serum Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites as Candidate Diagnostic Biomarkers for Pituitary Adenoma: A Case-Control Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor (HCAR) family belongs to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) implicated in a diverse array of physiological and pathological mechanisms. Kynurenic acid, a metabolite of the tryptophan catabolic pathway, has been proposed as a putative ligand of HCAR3. This receptor, among other HCARs, has garnered particular attention due to its exclusive expression in humans and closely related primates, and its emerging role in immunometabolic regulation. This review focuses on the potential role of HCAR3 in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Moreover, it presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential functional and molecular interactions between kynurenic acid and HCAR3 in the context of cancer pathophysiology, which may have significant implications for tumor immunomodulation and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
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