Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40649981›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

BST2 and DIRAS3 Drive Immune Evasion and Tumor Progression in High-Grade Glioma.

Zhangjun Liao, Shuyi Wu, Zhenyi Shi, Donghui Chen, Jinrui Chen, Hua Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zhangjun LiaoGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
Shuyi WuGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.ORCID 0009-0007-0252-8473
Zhenyi ShiGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
Donghui ChenGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
Jinrui ChenGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
Hua ZhangGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High-grade gliomas (HGGs, WHO grades 3-4) are highly aggressive, with a poor prognosis and treatment resistance. Immune evasion may contribute to their progression, but the role of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte immune evasion (CTLE) is not well-validated. This study analyzed the transcriptomic data of 525 patients from TCGA-GBM-HG_U133A. Two molecular subtypes were identified based on 182 CTLE-associated genes, with 238 differentially expressed genes between them. A prognostic model was developed, identifying BST2 and DIRAS3 as key risk factors, and validated in multiple cohorts. The subtypes had distinct immune profiles, with Cluster 2 showing higher immune infiltration but a poorer prognosis. The model had a good predictive performance. High-risk patients had upregulated BST2 and DIRAS3, linked to immunosuppression and shorter survival. Knockdown experiments confirmed their roles in GBM cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, they promote immune evasion. BST2 and DIRAS3 could be therapeutic targets for HGG immunotherapy.

Indexed as

Antigens, CDBrain NeoplasmsGliomaGPI-Linked ProteinsImmune EvasionTumor EscapeBone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2Cell Line, TumorCell MovementDisease ProgressionFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansMaleNeoplasm GradingPrognosisAntigens, CDBone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2BST2 protein, humanGPI-Linked ProteinsBST2cytotoxic T lymphocytesDIRAS3high-grade gliomasprognostic model

Identifiers

PMID40649981
PMCPMC12250118

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.