ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Type I Interferons in SARS-CoV-2 Cutaneous Infection: Is There a Role in Antiviral Defense?
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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12 authors.
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a β-coronavirus, primarily affects the lungs, with non-specific lesions and no cytopathic viral effect in the skin. Cutaneous antiviral mechanisms include activation of TLR/IRF pathways and production of type I IFN. We evaluated the antiviral mechanisms involved in the skin of COVID-19 patients, including skin samples from 35 deceased patients who had contracted COVID-19 before the launch of the vaccine. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the skin was performed using transmission electron microscopy and RT-qPCR. Microscopic and molecular effects of the virus in skin were evaluated by histopathology, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results revealed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and microscopic changes, including microvascular hyaline thrombi, perivascular dermatitis, and eccrine gland necrosis. There was increased transcription of TBK1 and a reduction in transcription of TNFα by RT-qPCR in the COVID-19 group. IHC revealed reduced expression of ACE2, TLR7, and IL-6, and elevated expression of IFN-β by epidermal cells. In the dermis, there was decreased expression of STING, IFN-β, and TNF-α and increased expression of IL-6 in sweat glands. Our results highlight the role of type I IFN in the skin of COVID-19 patients, which may modulate the cutaneous response to SARS-CoV-2.
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