ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Prognostic Significance of Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acid Levels in Assessing Mortality Risk in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Sarcopenia.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Cytokine Profiles in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Potential Pathophysiological Link.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbial metabolites involved in immune regulation, energy metabolism, and intestinal barrier integrity. Among them, the role of hexanoic acid (C6), predominantly derived from dietary sources, remains poorly understood in chronic heart failure (CHF) and sarcopenia. A total of 636 patients with confirmed CHF were screened between 2019 and 2021. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 114 patients, with 74 meeting the inclusion criteria for analysis. Plasma levels of SCFAs-including butanoic, propanoic, isobutyric, 2- and 3-methylbutanoic, hexanoic, pentanoic, and 4-methylpentanoic acids-were measured using HPLC-MS/MS. Muscle strength, mass, and physical performance were assessed using handgrip dynamometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and SPPB, respectively. All patients showed elevated SCFA levels compared to reference values. Butanoic acid levels exceeded reference values by 32.8-fold, propanoic acid by 10.9-fold, and hexanoic acid by 1.09-fold. Patients with plasma hexanoic acid levels above the 50th percentile had a seven-fold increased mortality risk (OR = 7.10; 95% CI: 1.74-28.9;
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