Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40649680›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Injection Molding Simulation of Polycaprolactone-Based Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites for Biomedical Implant Manufacturing.

Krzysztof Formas, Jarosław Janusz, Anna Kurowska, Aleksandra Benko, Wojciech Piekarczyk, Izabella Rajzer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Krzysztof FormasDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
Jarosław JanuszDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0266-6995
Anna KurowskaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4015-3581
Aleksandra BenkoDepartment of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7474-3374
Wojciech PiekarczykDepartment of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5079-2585
Izabella RajzerDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1153-8677

Funding

National Science Centre, Poland 2020/39/I/ST5/00569 (OPUS-LAP)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study consisted of the injection molding simulation of polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanocomposites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for biomedical implant manufacturing. The simulation was additionally supported by experimental validation. The influence of varying MWCNT concentrations (0.5%, 5%, and 10% by weight) on key injection molding parameters, i.e., melt flow behavior, pressure distribution, temperature profiles, and fiber orientation, was analyzed with SolidWorks Plastics software. The results proved the low CNT content (0.5 wt.%) to be endowed with stable filling times, complete mold cavity filling, and minimal frozen regions. Thus, this formulation produced defect-free modular filament sticks suitable for subsequent 3D printing. In contrast, higher CNT loadings (particularly 10 wt.%) led to longer fill times, incomplete cavity filling, and early solidification due to increased melt viscosity and thermal conductivity. Experimental molding trials with the 0.5 wt.% CNT composites confirmed the simulation findings. Following minor adjustments to processing parameters, high-quality, defect-free sticks were produced. Overall, the PCL/MWCNT composites with 0.5 wt.% nanotube content exhibited optimal injection molding performance and functional properties, supporting their application in modular, patient-specific biomedical 3D printing.

Indexed as

3D printingbiomaterialscarbon nanotubesfilamentinjection molding simulationpolycaprolactone (PCL)

Identifiers

PMID40649680
PMCPMC12250819

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.