ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Development of Covalently Functionalized Alginate-Pyrrole and Polypyrrole-Alginate Nanocomposites as 3D Printable Electroconductive Bioinks.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electrically conductive hydrogels are gaining attention owing to their applications in biosensing, cellular interfaces, and tissue engineering. However, conventional hydrogels often lack adequate electrical conductivities. Here, we present two novel conductive alginate-based hydrogels designed for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting: (i) covalently synthesized alginate-polypyrrole (alginate-PPy) via EDC/NHS-mediated conjugation with 3-aminopropyl pyrrole, and (ii) nanoparticle-reinforced alginate blended with polypyrrole nanoparticles (alginate@PPy-NP). Both systems exhibited shear-thinning behavior, tunable viscoelasticity, and excellent printability. Alginate@PPy-NP demonstrated superior compressive strength and shape fidelity, whereas alginate-PPy showed enhanced elastic moduli (G'/G″), reflecting a more uniform gel network. Electrical conductivity increased with increasing pyrrole content in both formulations. Optimization of the composition and printing conditions enabled the fabrication of fibroblast-laden constructs with high structural integrity. This work highlights the potential of alginate-polypyrrole hydrogels as customizable, conductive bioinks for 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.