ReviewHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Indicators for Intellectual Disability Where No Formal Diagnosis Exists but Nursing Knowledge Demonstrates Grounds for a Formal Assessment: A Scoping Review.
Review in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Factors associated with better emotional, behavioural and educational outcomes in children with mild intellectual difficulties.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Cancer screening in people with intellectual disability: a scoping review of participation, barriers, facilitators, and improvement strategies within the EUCanScreen initiative.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Characterization of Children with Intellectual Disabilities and Relevance of MushroomNutrients · 2026Article
- Types and Diagnosis of Childhood Intellectual Disabilities: Advancing Accuracy for Better Outcomes.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Globally, 1-3% of the population has an intellectual disability, but some remain undiagnosed, resulting in limited access to essential health and social care services, poor health outcomes, and higher risks of homelessness, substance abuse, and imprisonment. A formal diagnosis enables early intervention and support. A scoping review was conducted to explore research on undiagnosed intellectual disability, screening processes, and identifying indicators.
methodThe scoping review search was conducted using academic databases such as CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and PubMed, along with eight grey literature sources. In addition, the reference lists of the included studies were explored. Information specialists supported and guided the search process. The search included qualitative, quantitative, review, and mixed-method research studies published in English between 2000 and 2024. Two reviewers screened papers for eligibility by title, abstract, and full text.
resultA total of 11,475 papers were screened, with 57 papers from various countries included in the review. Indicators of intellectual disability were identified in three settings: (1) educational settings (preschool, primary, and secondary schools); (2) social care services, including homeless and community services; and (3) criminal services, such as courts, probation, and prisons, highlighting the wide applicability of findings. These indicators were linked to "experiences", "behaviours", "challenges", and "observations".
conclusionThis review emphasised the importance of early diagnosis by adopting appropriate assessment tools, which require national screening policies. It also highlighted the essential role of professionals working in intellectual disability services in identifying and supporting undiagnosed individuals, particularly within high-risk populations. IMPLICATION: The review's findings will guide policy, practice, and research recommendations for enhancing the early identification of people with intellectual disabilities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.