Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40648491›Full record

ReviewSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Optical Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using Aqueous Humor: A Review.

Haolan Xi, Yiqing Gong

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Haolan XiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China.
Yiqing GongDepartment of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China.

Funding

Zhenjiang Social Development Guidance Project FZ2023097
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This review explores optical technologies for non-invasive glucose monitoring (NIGM) using aqueous humor (AH) as media, addressing the limitations of traditional invasive methods in diabetes management. It analyzes key techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, polarimetry, and mid- and near-infrared spectral methods, highlighting their respective challenges, alongside emerging hybrid approaches like photoacoustic spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography. Crucially, the practical realization of these optical methods for portable NIGM hinges on advanced instrumentation. Therefore, this review also details progress in compact NIR spectrometers. While conventional systems often lack suitability, significant advancements in on-chip technologies-including miniaturized dispersive spectrometers and various on-chip Fourier transform systems (e.g., spatial heterodyne, stationary wave integral, and temporally modulated FT systems)-utilizing integration platforms like SOI and SiN are promising. Such innovations offer the potential for high spectral resolution, large bandwidth, and miniaturization, which are essential for developing practical AH-based NIGM systems to improve diabetes care.

Indexed as

Aqueous HumorGlucoseDiabetes MellitusHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicSpectroscopy, Near-InfraredSpectrum Analysis, RamanTomography, Optical CoherenceGlucoseglucose biosensorinfrarednon-invasiveopticspolarizationRaman spectroscopyspectrometerspectroscopy

Identifiers

PMID40648491
PMCPMC12252500

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.