ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025
An In-Depth Statistical Analysis of the TARC Parameter to Evaluate the Real Impact of Random Phases in MIMO Antennas.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Compact and low mutual coupling 4 × 4 wideband MIMO antenna design for 5G millimeter-wave applications.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dual and wideband mmWave 28/38 GHz quad port MIMO antenna for 5G and beyond applications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A detailed statistical analysis of the total active reflection coefficient (TARC) is carried out in this paper for three 4-port MIMO antennas featuring different levels of isolation across its ports. This analysis is very useful to determine the most likely performance of a MIMO antenna in a real communications scenario. The TARC parameter is commonly evaluated for only several combinations of the random phase with which a signal reaches every input port of a MIMO antenna. By contrast, we have evaluated a million combinations to obtain the probability density function of the TARC, using frequency as its parameter. In this way, an expected value of the TARC is obtained for each frequency, as well as a confidence interval (ΔCITARC) where the TARC values occur with 90% probability. Additionally, we have introduced the term "TARC shadow", a visual representation of the TARC as a function of the frequency where the probability function is projected into this 2D graphic with different colors to identify the most likely values of the TARC. To demonstrate these concepts, a full TARC evaluation was performed for three 4-port MIMO antennas with increasing isolation of 12.9 dB, 25.4 dB, and 37 dB between elements, and different values of the Snn and Snm parameters, with
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