Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40648385›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Polymer-Based Chemicapacitive Hybrid Sensor Array for Improved Selectivity in e-Nose Systems.

Pavithra Munirathinam, Mohd Farhan Arshi, Haleh Nazemi, Gian Carlo Antony Raj, Arezoo Emadi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Pavithra MunirathinamE-Minds Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
Mohd Farhan ArshiE-Minds Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
Haleh NazemiE-Minds Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-6143-4094
Gian Carlo Antony RajE-Minds Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.ORCID 0009-0002-4851-2024
Arezoo EmadiE-Minds Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-2034-1120

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential for health, environmental protection, and industrial safety. VOCs contribute to air pollution, pose health risks, and can indicate leaks or contamination in industries. Applications include air quality monitoring, disease diagnosis, and food safety. This paper focuses on polymer-based hybrid sensor arrays (HSAs) utilizing interdigitated electrode (IDE) geometries for VOC detection. Achieving high selectivity and sensitivity in gas sensing remains a challenge, particularly in complex environments. To address this, we propose HSAs as an innovative solution to enhance sensor performance. IDE-based sensors are designed and fabricated using the Polysilicon Multi-User MEMS process (PolyMUMPs). Experimental evaluations are performed by exposing sensors to VOCs under controlled conditions. Traditional multi-sensor arrays (MSAs) achieve 82% prediction accuracy, while virtual sensor arrays (VSAs) leveraging frequency dependence improve performance: PMMA-VSA and PVP-VSA predict compounds with 100% and 98% accuracy, respectively. The proposed HSA, integrating these VSAs, consistently achieves 100% accuracy in compound identification and concentration estimation, surpassing MSA and VSA performance. These findings demonstrate that proposed polymer-based HSAs and VSAs, particularly with advanced IDE geometries, significantly enhance selectivity and sensitivity, advancing e-Nose technology for more accurate and reliable VOC detection across diverse applications.

Indexed as

fringing field capacitancehybrid sensor arraymulti-sensor arraypolymer-based sensorsvirtual sensor arrayvolatile organic compounds

Identifiers

PMID40648385
PMCPMC12252112

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.