Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40648292›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

An Experimental Approach for Investigating Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease Using Virtual Reality and Neural Sensing: A Pilot Study.

Mandy Miller Koop, Anson B Rosenfeldt, Kathryn Scelina, Logan Scelina, Colin Waltz, Andrew S Bazyk, Visar Berki, Kyle Baker, Julio N Reyes Torres, Enio Kuvliev and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Mandy Miller KoopDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3047-8091
Anson B RosenfeldtDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5468-8208
Kathryn ScelinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Logan ScelinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Colin WaltzDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-8598-4341
Andrew S BazykDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Visar BerkiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Kyle BakerDepartment of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Julio N Reyes TorresDepartment of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Enio KuvlievDepartment of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Sean NagelCenter for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Benjamin L WalterCenter for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8323-6873
James LiaoCenter for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6605-9855
David EscobarDepartment of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Kenneth B BakerDepartment of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Jay L AlbertsDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

Funding

Michael J. Fox Foundation MJFF-020020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling symptom associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Its understanding and effective treatment is compromised due to the difficulty in reliably triggering FOG in clinical and laboratory environments. The Cleveland Clinic-Virtual Home Environment (CC-VHE) platform was developed to address the challenges of eliciting FOG by combining an omnidirectional treadmill with immersive virtual reality (VR) environments to induce FOG under physical, emotional, and cognitive triggers. Recent developments in deep brain stimulation devices that sense neural signals from the subthalamic nucleus in real time offer the potential to understand the underlying neural mechanism(s) of FOG. This manuscript presents the coupling of the CC-VHE technology, VR paradigms, and the experimental and analytical methods for recording and analyzing synchronous cortical, subcortical, and kinematic data as an approach to begin to understand the nuanced neural pathology associated with FOG. To evaluate the utility and feasibility of coupling VR and neural sensing technology, initial data from one participant are included.

Indexed as

GaitGait Disorders, NeurologicParkinson DiseaseVirtual RealityAgedBiomechanical PhenomenaDeep Brain StimulationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPilot ProjectsSubthalamic Nucleusdeep brain stimulationelectroencephalographyfreezing of gaitParkinson’s diseasevirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID40648292
PMCPMC12251975

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.