Enhancing Bidirectional Modbus TCP ↔ RTU Gateway Performance: A UDP Mechanism and Markov Chain Approach.

Shuang Zhao, Qinghai Zhang, Qingjian Zhao, Xiaoqian Zhang, Yang Guo, Shilei Lu, Liqiang Song, Zhengxu Zhao

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Shuang ZhaoShandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.

Qinghai ZhangShandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.

Qingjian ZhaoShandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.ORCID 0009-0006-1942-039X

Xiaoqian ZhangShandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.

Yang GuoShandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6111-8438

Shilei LuShandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.

Liqiang SongNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Zhengxu ZhaoShandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.

Funding

Open Fund Project of Shandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-orbit Satellite Networking NO.CK-2024-0049

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) field, the diversity of devices and protocols leads to interconnection challenges. Conventional Modbus Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) gateways suffer from high overhead and latency of the TCP protocol stack. To enhance real-time communication while ensuring reliability, this study applies Markov chain theory to analyze User Datagram Protocol (UDP) transmission characteristics. An Advanced UDP (AUDP) protocol is proposed by integrating a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) check mechanism, retransmission mechanism, Transaction ID matching mechanism, and exponential backoff mechanism at the UDP application layer. Based on AUDP, a Modbus AUDP-RTU gateway is designed with a lightweight architecture to achieve bidirectional conversion between Modbus AUDP and Modbus RTU. Experimental validation and Markov chain-based modeling demonstrate that the proposed gateway significantly reduces communication latency compared to Modbus TCP-RTU and exhibits higher reliability than Modbus UDP-RTU.

Indexed as

AUDPcommunication protocolsIIoTMarkov chainModbus gatewayreal-time optimizationreliability mechanismTCP/UDP

Identifiers

PMID40648119

DOI10.3390/s25133861

PMCPMC12251962

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.