Comparative Effects of Non-Composted and Composted Sewage Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plants on the Physiological and Antioxidative Responses of Maize.

Dávid Kaczur, Makoena Joyce Moloi, Seyed Mohammad Nasir Mousavi, Brigitta Tóth

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

2citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

Differential morphological, physiological, and antioxidant responses of Allium cepa and Allium sativum to untreated municipal wastewater.Scientific reports · 2026
Article
Bioprotective role ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Dávid KaczurInstitute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.

Makoena Joyce MoloiDepartment of Plant Science, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Park West, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-4511-2340

Seyed Mohammad Nasir MousaviDepartment of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-8057-0086

Brigitta TóthInstitute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0001-9603-8377

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluated the physiological and antioxidative responses of maize to non-composted (NCSS) and composted sewage sludge (CSS) from Debrecen and Kecskemét, applied at 25%, 50%, and 75% (m/m) concentrations. Measurements were taken 21 and 35 days after sowing (DAS). Debrecen NCSS significantly enhanced plant height at all concentrations and at both sampling times, while higher doses of Kecskemét NCSS reduced growth by 35 DAS. Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and carotenoid contents were notably enhanced by Kecskemét treatments, especially at lower concentrations, whereas Debrecen treatments showed less effect. Photosystem II (PSII) efficiency parameters varied with origin: Kecskemét NCSS notably increased minimal fluorescence (F

Indexed as

ascorbate peroxidasechlorophyllguaiacol peroxidaseplant heightprolinePSIIsuperoxide dismutase

Identifiers

PMID40647965

DOI10.3390/plants14131955

PMCPMC12251873

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.