ReviewCancers2025
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Heating the Cold: Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Sensitizing Colorectal Cancer to PARP Inhibitors: Biomarkers, Mechanisms, and Combination Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Signet-Ring Cell Colorectal Cancer and Signet-Ring Cell Component Colorectal Cancer: Do They Differ in Clinical Behavior?Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Enhancing NK Cell Activity in Colorectal Cancer with an Fc-Optimized Antibody Targeting CD276 (B7-H3).ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
- Inhibitors of De Novo Guanylate Biosynthesis Enhance the Potency of MAPK Cascade Inhibitors Against Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundColorectal cancer is a significant health concern. Immunotherapy has become a promising approach in colorectal cancer, offering a wider array of therapeutic strategies. This study aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the use of checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer.
methodsA systematic review of relevant clinical trials and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing checkpoint inhibitors, published between January 2019 and January 2025, was conducted on Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) were the primary outcomes. Studies focusing on other types of immunotherapy, non-clinical trials, pre-clinical trials, and study protocols were excluded.
results48 studies were included. Checkpoint inhibitors demonstrated significant efficacy in microsatellite instability (MSI) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In microsatellite stability (MSS) mCRC, immunotherapy was less effective, and combination strategies with chemotherapy or targeted therapies yielded mixed results. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were common in combination regimens.
conclusionImmunotherapy has revolutionized MSI mCRC treatment while treating MSS CRC with these molecules remains unconvincing. Combination strategies and novel agents may offer potential but require further research to prove efficacy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.