ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Multi-Mycotoxin Analyses by UPLC-MS/MS in Wheat: The Situation in Belgium in 2023 and 2024.
Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multi-year monitoring of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat from Türkiye: occurrence and temporal trends.Mycotoxin research · 2026Article
- Article
- Coexistence and combined toxic effects of principal emerging and common mycotoxins.Mycotoxin research · 2026Review
- Enniatins and Beauvericin as Emerging Mycotoxins in the Context of Climate Change in Europe.Toxins · 2026Review
- Eco-Friendly Sample Preparation Trends for Exogenous Toxic Organic Compounds in Food: A Sustainable Perspective for LC-MS Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This work proposes an insight into the mycotoxins detected in wheat from the 2023 and 2024 harvests in Belgium and highlights the link between agronomic conditions and mycotoxin contamination. The study utilized samples from a Belgian trial network, covering nine locations in 2023 and eight in 2024, ensuring diverse pedoclimatic contexts and including 11 different varieties. Sowing and harvest dates, previous crops and meteorological data were collected for these locations. A validated UPLC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method able to detect 20 mycotoxins, regulated or not, was used. Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and enniatins B and B1 were detected in the 2023 and 2024 samples. Enniatin A1 was only detected in the 2024 samples. Mycotoxin contamination was higher in 2024 compared to 2023, in terms of both the number of contaminated samples and the contamination levels. Enniatins B and B1, non-regulated mycotoxins, were widely detected in the 2024 wheat samples, with enniatin B detected in 68 out 88 samples ranging from 12 to 488 µg/kg. Differences between the wheat varieties were observed, with some varieties showing significantly higher contamination. Additionally, geographic location appeared to influence contamination levels, which could be related to previous crops or meteorological events. In conclusion, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of mycotoxin co-contamination in wheat samples from diverse pedoclimatic contexts in Belgium based over 2 years. It shows the importance of weather conditions on mycotoxin contamination. It also emphasizes the importance of variety selection to manage mycotoxin contamination.
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Registered trials
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